Long-term goals are: to understand effects of ultrafine (less than 0.1 microm) combustion aerosols and their reaction products with S02 on the lung, to characterize them and to understand processes leading to their formation during coal combustion. All aerosols are made in furnaces usable as feed-systems for animal exposure chambers. Exposures include: Zn0 alone with and with S02, Cu0 alone and with S02, coal combustion products generated from burning of characterized coals under controlled combustion conditions, and ultrafine aerosols of silica having a surface layer of Zn0 alone and with S02. Mixed exposures are to 1 PPM S02 and 1-5 mg/m3 metal oxide. Guinea pigs are exposed for 1 hr, 3 hr, 3 hr/day for 6 days, or 3 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 3 wks. Effects are evaluated at 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs post-exposure and, for the chronic studies, on alternate days up to 10 days after exposure. Functional change during exposure is evaluated by measurement of respiratory mechanics. Pulmonary function following exposure is evaluated by measurement of lung volumes, C0 diffusing capacity, expiratory flow rates and N2 washout. Pathologic changes are evaluated by light and electron microscopy, uptake of 3H-thymidine by epithelial cells of the bronchiolar and alveolar regions, permeability of respiratory epithelium to horseradish peroxidase, increase in plasma angiotensin converting enzyme and examination of lung lavage fluid for cell population and content of lytic enzymes. Characterized coals or spherocarb impregnated with Fe or Cu are burned in a laminar-flow furnace permitting control of temperature and 02 partial pressure. Special emphasis is placed on determination of H2S04, both as free H2S04 and as a layer on ultrafine aerosols, and on how H2S04 formation relates to composition of coal and to combustion conditions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
3P01ES002429-08S1
Application #
3095850
Study Section
Environmental Health Sciences Review Committee (EHS)
Project Start
1980-09-30
Project End
1988-11-30
Budget Start
1988-04-01
Budget End
1988-11-30
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
1988
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02139
Hur, T; Squibb, K; Cosma, G et al. (1999) Induction of metallothionein and heme oxygenase in rats after inhalation of endotoxin. J Toxicol Environ Health A 56:183-203
Graham, K A; Sarofim, A F (1998) Inorganic aerosols and their role in catalyzing sulfuric acid production in furnaces. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 48:106-12
Kimmel, T A; Chen, L C; Bosland, M C et al. (1997) Influence of acid aerosol droplet size on structural changes in the rat lung caused by acute exposure to sulfuric acid and ozone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 144:348-55
Su, W Y; Gordon, T (1996) Alterations in surfactant protein A after acute exposure to ozone. J Appl Physiol 80:1560-7
Chen, L C; Qu, Q; Amdur, M O et al. (1995) Alteration of pulmonary macrophage intracellular pH following inhalation exposure to sulfuric acid/ozone mixtures. Exp Lung Res 21:113-28
Schlesinger, R B; Chen, L C (1994) Comparative biological potency of acidic sulfate aerosols: implications for the interpretation of laboratory and field studies. Environ Res 65:69-85
Gordon, T; Weideman, P A; Gunnison, A F (1993) Increased pulmonary response to inhaled endotoxin in lactating rats. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:1100-4
Qu, Q S; Chen, L C; Gordon, T et al. (1993) Alteration of pulmonary macrophage intracellular pH regulation by sulfuric acid aerosol exposures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 121:138-43
Gordon, T (1992) Dose-dependent pulmonary effects of inhaled endotoxin in guinea pigs. Environ Res 59:416-26
Schlesinger, R B; Fine, J M; Chen, L C (1992) Interspecies differences in the phagocytic activity of pulmonary macrophages subjected to acidic challenge. Fundam Appl Toxicol 19:584-9

Showing the most recent 10 out of 30 publications