The Florida Red Tide, caused by the harmful alga, Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) occursannually along the Florida Gulf coast, and periodically throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico and along theUS Atlantic coast, resulting in adverse economic and health effects. The alga is harmful because it produces asuite of neurotoxins (brevetoxins) that cause massive fish kills, contamination of shellfish (Neurotoxic ShellfishPoisoning) and results in respiratory problems and possibly additional health effects when people are exposedto the toxins in marine aerosol. The purpose of this Environmental Field Core (FC2) is to coordinate andimplement collection and analysis of environmental data essential to implementation and interpretation of thefield-oriented Research Projects. These include FC1, toxin probes and assays, RP1, Characterization ofBrevetoxin Aerosols (Cheng) , and RP4, Epidemiology of red Tide Exposure (Fleming). Support will be in the form of: 1)monitoring the Florida Gulf coast, in the Sarasota region, for red tide blooms to alert project participants topossible field study opportunities, 2) maintenance of field collecting equipment and supplies, coordination ofdeployment and calibration of sampling equipment for field studies, 3) coordination and implementation ofsampling protocol, including sample chain of custody, sample transport and processing, and interlaboratorycalibration of analytical instrumentation, 4) Sample collection and analysis of brevetoxins in air and water byLC-MS, and Karenia brevis cell counts, 5) Sample collection and transport to UNCW (FC1) for total brevetoxinanalysis by ELISA, and for culture and identification of new Karenia species. 6) Collaboration with ProjectManagers for data interpretation and dissemination of results, including report and manuscript preparation.Environmental sample collection will follow the protocol of Pierce et al. (2005). Seawater samples will becollected in 1-L bottles for cell counts and brevetoxin analyses 3 times daily. Marine aerosol will be collectedwith 8 high-volume samplers, placed in a grid of 200m x 50m, AM and PM, to assess aerosolized toxinconcentrations over time and space. FC2 will coordinate with RP1 and RP4 for deployment of particle-sizeimpactors, to assess the particle size of toxin-containing aerosol to which subjects are exposed. FC2 also willassist RP1 and RP4 in deploying a portable weather station to monitor meteorological conditions. Brevetoxincontent will be determined by high performance liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (LCMS)analyses.In addition, water samples will be collected during red tide blooms along the southwest Florida coast forexposure to asthmatic sheep by RP3 (Project by Abraham), and for identification and isolation of different species of Karenia by FC1,to determine the incident of different Karenia species and to identify the toxins produced by the differentspecies. FC2 will coordinate field deployment and air and water sample collection and analyses for the beachstudies and the subsequent 5-day, follow-up exposure studies, in cooperation with FC1, RP1 and RP4.Results from FC1 LC-MS analyses of brevetoxins in marine aerosol during beach and sub-acute residentialexposure studies will be used to provide realistic exposure concentrations and duration for collaborativelaboratory studies undertaken by RP2 and RP3.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
2P01ES010594-06A1
Application #
7131158
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZES1-LKB-C (DB))
Project Start
2006-09-08
Project End
2011-06-30
Budget Start
2006-09-08
Budget End
2007-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$84,026
Indirect Cost
Name
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Department
Type
DUNS #
040036584
City
Wilmington
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
28403
McCall, Jennifer R; Goodman, Allan J; Jacocks, Henry M et al. (2014) Development of a fluorescence assay for the characterization of brevenal binding to rat brain synaptosomes. J Nat Prod 77:2014-20
McCall, Jennifer R; Jacocks, Henry M; Niven, Susan C et al. (2014) Development and utilization of a fluorescence-based receptor-binding assay for the site 5 voltage-sensitive sodium channel ligands brevetoxin and ciguatoxin. J AOAC Int 97:307-15
Goodman, Allan; McCall, Jennifer R; Jacocks, Henry M et al. (2014) Structure activity relationship of brevenal hydrazide derivatives. Mar Drugs 12:1839-58
Gold, Elena P; Jacocks, Henry M; Bourdelais, Andrea J et al. (2013) Brevenal, a brevetoxin antagonist from Karenia brevis, binds to a previously unreported site on mammalian sodium channels. Harmful Algae 26:12-19
McCall, Jennifer R; Jacocks, Henry M; Baden, Daniel G et al. (2012) Development of a competitive fluorescence-based synaptosome binding assay for brevetoxins. Harmful Algae 19:85-91
Zhou, Yue; Sun, Jaijie; Cheng, Yung-Sung (2011) Comparison of deposition in the USP and physical mouth-throat models with solid and liquid particles. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 24:277-84
Bean, Judy A; Fleming, Lora E; Kirkpatrick, Barbara et al. (2011) Florida Red Tide Toxins (Brevetoxins) and Longitudinal Respiratory Effects in Asthmatics. Harmful Algae 10:744-748
Benson, Janet M; Wolf, Molly L; Kajon, Adriana et al. (2011) Brevetoxin inhalation alters the pulmonary response to influenza A in the male F344 rat. J Toxicol Environ Health A 74:313-24
Murrell, Rachel N; Gibson, James E (2011) Brevetoxin 2 alters expression of apoptotic, DNA damage, and cytokine genes in Jurkat cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 30:182-91
Fleming, Lora E; Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Backer, Lorraine C et al. (2011) Review of Florida Red Tide and Human Health Effects. Harmful Algae 10:224-233

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