Microscopic examination of hard dental tissue is difficult, especially at high magnifications. Visualization of the z-axis dimension of hard tissue is particularly problematic, especially when quantitative results using non-destructive techniques are required. It was the aim of this investigation to develop a technique for visualizing, documenting and quantifying ablation and surface changes in dental hard tissues as a consequence of laser irradiation or conventional dental drill usage. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) is a perfect tool for non-invasive thin optical sectioning of reflecting surfaces and 3-D reconstruction. Using confocal LSM, visualization of surface and crater topography can be achieved. Measurement of cavity depth and profiles in different planes of section is also possible, allowing observation of ablative effects in 3 dimensions.
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