This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.The basic structure, biochemistry and function of mammalian retinal rod and cone photoreceptors are well described. However, there are relatively few reports on the ultrastructural details of rod and cone mitochondria and even fewer on their comparative aspects. The 3-D technique with the highest resolution available for studying mitochondria is electron microscope tomography. Comparative studies of structure related to function offer a promising means of understanding the significance of differences in cytoarchitecture. Mitochondrial crista structure is linked tightly to mitochondrial function. Non-foveal cone photoreceptors of primates contain considerably more inner segment mitochondria and have higher oxidative enzyme activity than do rods. In addition, it is suggested that light-adapted cones have a higher aerobic ATP demand than rods. Therefore, we investigated the oxidative metabolism and three-dimensional membrane architecture of mouse rod and cone inner segment mitochondria. Our goals were to determine, in light-adapted mouse retinas, the: 1) number of mitochondria and oxidative enzyme activity in rod inner segment (RIS) and cone inner segment (CIS), 2) photoreceptor oxygen consumption (QOPR) and compare it to that in dark-adapted photoreceptors, 3) dimensions and connectivity of RIS and CIS mitochondrial cristae and contact sites, and 4) structural motifs of RIS and CIS cristae.
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