Oxytocin promotes affiliative behaviors and enhances the ability of animals to discriminate between individuals of their own species. The amygdala plays a central role in establishing the social and emotional significance of social stimuli including faces and facial expressions. The central hypothesis of this project is that the oxytocin-induced changes at the behavioral level result from cellular changes in the amygdala, which contains a large concentration of oxytocin receptors. We propose that oxytocin facilitates prosocial behavior by (1) increasing attention directed to social stimuli, particularly the eyes of conspecifics and enhancing the activity of anygdala neurons in response to fixations to the eyes and by (2) enhancing the discrimination of social stimuli through enhanced neural selectivity in the amygdala for face identity and facial expressions. These hypotheses will be tested by recording the activity of multiple single neurons along with the local field potential in the amygdala of monkeys exposed to videos that simulate socio-emotional interactions with other monkeys. It is expected that oxytocin, administered intranasally or by microinjection into the ventricles, will induce behavioral and neural changes that reflect enhanced attention to the eyes and faces, higher individuation of faces, and a processing bias for affiliative stimuli. By examining the effects of oxytocin on neural activity in the amygdala, the proposed experiments will provide a comprehensive test of the hypothesis that oxytocin enhances social cognition via a direct effect on single neurons and networks of neurons in the amygdala. Further, the proposed experiments have the exciting potential outcome of enabling a more detailed and mechanistic understanding of higher cognitive processes involved in primate social behavior, which is critical for the development of better treatments for humans with impairments in social cognition.
The expected results of this project will improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie some aspects of social behavior in primates and the effects of oxytocin on these mechanisms. The social behaviors under scrutiny are impaired in autism and in the majority of psychiatric disorders associated with deficits of social behavior.
| Johnson, Zachary V; Young, Larry J (2018) Evolutionary diversity as a catalyst for biological discovery. Integr Zool 13:616-633 |
| Eckstein, Monika; Bamert, Vera; Stephens, Shannon et al. (2018) Oxytocin increases eye-gaze towards novel social and non-social stimuli. Soc Neurosci :1-14 |
| Gothard, Katalin M; Mosher, Clayton P; Zimmerman, Prisca E et al. (2018) New perspectives on the neurophysiology of primate amygdala emerging from the study of naturalistic social behaviors. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 9: |
| Osako, Yoji; Nobuhara, Reiko; Arai, Young-Chang P et al. (2018) Partner Loss in Monogamous Rodents: Modulation of Pain and Emotional Behavior in Male Prairie Voles. Psychosom Med 80:62-68 |
| Dobolyi, Arpad; Cservenák, Melinda; Young, Larry J (2018) Thalamic integration of social stimuli regulating parental behavior and the oxytocin system. Front Neuroendocrinol 51:102-115 |
| Rogers, Christina N; Ross, Amy P; Sahu, Shweta P et al. (2018) Oxytocin- and arginine vasopressin-containing fibers in the cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 80:e22875 |
| Ortiz, Juan J; Portillo, Wendy; Paredes, Raul G et al. (2018) Resting state brain networks in the prairie vole. Sci Rep 8:1231 |
| Putnam, Philip T; Young, Larry J; Gothard, Katalin M (2018) Bridging the gap between rodents and humans: The role of non-human primates in oxytocin research. Am J Primatol 80:e22756 |
| Bosch, Oliver J; Young, Larry J (2018) Oxytocin and Social Relationships: From Attachment to Bond Disruption. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 35:97-117 |
| Andari, Elissar; Hurlemann, Rene; Young, Larry J (2018) A Precision Medicine Approach to Oxytocin Trials. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 35:559-590 |
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