This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.This report demonstrates that CAP/Aquateric pessaries conferred complete protection to infection in 50% (3/6) of treated animals compared to 100% infection of control macaques. In those CAP treated macaques that became infected, disease progression is severely blunted. To assess the relative protection conferred by CAP/Aquateric pessary formulation against X4- and R5-SHIV, real-time PCR analysis was performed on plasma samples. Results from both CAP-treated and control animals are represented as the percent of circulating virus with the R5 genotype. In the three CAP-treated macaques nearly 100% of circulating virus was R5 during both acute and chronic infection. In contrast, X4- and R5-SHIVs were readily detected during acute viral infection of control animals. With progression of infection R5-SHIV became the dominant replicating virus in all six control macaques. The greater in vivo inhibition of X4-SHIVSF33A by CAP/Aquateric pessary is consistent with results from previous studies using other CAP formulations; however, the mechanism for this apparent selectivity has not been determined.
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