The purpose of this work is to develop electrode arrays which improve substantially the performance of artificial ears for the deaf. The electrode arrays are placed within the inner ear near the cells of the auditory nerve and are driven with minute electric currents to excite those cells in response to external sound signals. The electrode arrays being developed in our laboratory offer two advantages over arrays currently in use. First, the design of the new arrays will provide at least 60 electrodes whereas today's electrode arrays have only 22 internal electrodes at most. Second, the shape memory materials used in our lab bring the electrodes in proximity to the nerve cells, whereas electrodes in current arrays lie several tenths of a millimeter distant from the nerve cells. During the past year, we placed a test array in the inner ear of a macaque monkey and obtained preliminary results on the behavior of the array. The array was stable during the time of implantation, but the external connector failed to integrate well with the skull of the monkey. We have revised the array and have implanted new connector bases in the skulls of three monkeys. We are experimenting with several fabrication techniques varying the insulation on individual wires, techniques of cleaning electrode sites and electroplating to either increase surface area or provide surfaces that can carry larger excitation currents for a given surface area. Through other funding, we are studying the effects of fibrous capsules on the electrode arrays, and trying to develop techniques to eliminate the capsules. We have begun a series of neurophysiological experiments, which are being done outside of the Primate Center on species other than macaques. These are acute studies that are designed to determine the minimum distance between electrodes to permit independent excitation of small groups of nerve cells.
Pham, Amelie; Carrasco, Marisa; Kiorpes, Lynne (2018) Endogenous attention improves perception in amblyopic macaques. J Vis 18:11 |
Zanos, Stavros; Rembado, Irene; Chen, Daofen et al. (2018) Phase-Locked Stimulation during Cortical Beta Oscillations Produces Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Awake Monkeys. Curr Biol 28:2515-2526.e4 |
Choi, Hannah; Pasupathy, Anitha; Shea-Brown, Eric (2018) Predictive Coding in Area V4: Dynamic Shape Discrimination under Partial Occlusion. Neural Comput 30:1209-1257 |
Shushruth, S; Mazurek, Mark; Shadlen, Michael N (2018) Comparison of Decision-Related Signals in Sensory and Motor Preparatory Responses of Neurons in Area LIP. J Neurosci 38:6350-6365 |
Raghanti, Mary Ann; Edler, Melissa K; Stephenson, Alexa R et al. (2018) A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E1108-E1116 |
Wool, Lauren E; Crook, Joanna D; Troy, John B et al. (2018) Nonselective Wiring Accounts for Red-Green Opponency in Midget Ganglion Cells of the Primate Retina. J Neurosci 38:1520-1540 |
Hasegawa, Yu; Curtis, Britni; Yutuc, Vernon et al. (2018) Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status. Sci Rep 8:15867 |
Oleskiw, Timothy D; Nowack, Amy; Pasupathy, Anitha (2018) Joint coding of shape and blur in area V4. Nat Commun 9:466 |
Balakrishnan, Ashwini; Goodpaster, Tracy; Randolph-Habecker, Julie et al. (2017) Analysis of ROR1 Protein Expression in Human Cancer and Normal Tissues. Clin Cancer Res 23:3061-3071 |
Shooner, Christopher; Hallum, Luke E; Kumbhani, Romesh D et al. (2017) Asymmetric Dichoptic Masking in Visual Cortex of Amblyopic Macaque Monkeys. J Neurosci 37:8734-8741 |
Showing the most recent 10 out of 320 publications