To determine whether cholera toxin can induce mucosal immunity in macaques, we inoculated two pigtailed macaques intrarectally. When we tested various bodily fluids for antibodies to cholera toxin following inoculation, we found high titers in blood and lower titers in rectal and vaginal washes. The response was stronger in one monkey than in the other. We believe that improved sampling techniques will provide a better picture of the induced immune response.
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