This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.The goal of this project is to determine the morphology and physiology and central connections of ganglion cell types using a new retrograde tracing method that we have called 'retrograde photodynamics'. We have used rhodamine-dextrans to retrogradely label macaque monkey ganglion cells from tracer injections in the major retinal targets: the superior colliculus, pretectum, and LGN. As expected after retrograde transport, the tracer is sequestered in organelle-like structures within ganglion cell bodies and proximal dendrites. This particulate labeling alone does not allow unambiguous targeting of specific cell types in vitro. However when labeled cells were observed microscopically under epifluorescent illumination, the glowing organelles seem to burstcreating a fireworks-like display in the cytoplasmand the liberated fluorophore rapidly diffuses throughout the dendritic tree. At the same time, a large increase in fluorescence intensity within the cytoplasm gives rise to a bright and complete intracellular dye stain. Photostained cells remain anatomically and physiologically viable; we target morphologically distinct types in vitro for intracellular recording and analysis of receptive field properties. Further, by employing the biotinylated form of rhodamine dextran, it is possible to use horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry after tissue fixation to permanently recover the detailed morphology of large numbers of cells for anatomical analysis. This method enables us to rapidly characterize several new ganglion cell populations that project in the primary visual pathway to the LGN. Some of these cell groups show novel color-opponent properties and will be a continuing focus of new research projects. One of these groups, the giant monostratified cells, are uniquely photosensitive and form the basis for another project in the lab. We are also interested in further immunohistochemical studies of melanopsin-reactive cells in the retina as well as their central terminals, and have enlisted a collaborator in Denmark to this end.
| Pham, Amelie; Carrasco, Marisa; Kiorpes, Lynne (2018) Endogenous attention improves perception in amblyopic macaques. J Vis 18:11 |
| Zanos, Stavros; Rembado, Irene; Chen, Daofen et al. (2018) Phase-Locked Stimulation during Cortical Beta Oscillations Produces Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Awake Monkeys. Curr Biol 28:2515-2526.e4 |
| Choi, Hannah; Pasupathy, Anitha; Shea-Brown, Eric (2018) Predictive Coding in Area V4: Dynamic Shape Discrimination under Partial Occlusion. Neural Comput 30:1209-1257 |
| Shushruth, S; Mazurek, Mark; Shadlen, Michael N (2018) Comparison of Decision-Related Signals in Sensory and Motor Preparatory Responses of Neurons in Area LIP. J Neurosci 38:6350-6365 |
| Raghanti, Mary Ann; Edler, Melissa K; Stephenson, Alexa R et al. (2018) A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E1108-E1116 |
| Wool, Lauren E; Crook, Joanna D; Troy, John B et al. (2018) Nonselective Wiring Accounts for Red-Green Opponency in Midget Ganglion Cells of the Primate Retina. J Neurosci 38:1520-1540 |
| Hasegawa, Yu; Curtis, Britni; Yutuc, Vernon et al. (2018) Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status. Sci Rep 8:15867 |
| Oleskiw, Timothy D; Nowack, Amy; Pasupathy, Anitha (2018) Joint coding of shape and blur in area V4. Nat Commun 9:466 |
| Balakrishnan, Ashwini; Goodpaster, Tracy; Randolph-Habecker, Julie et al. (2017) Analysis of ROR1 Protein Expression in Human Cancer and Normal Tissues. Clin Cancer Res 23:3061-3071 |
| Shooner, Christopher; Hallum, Luke E; Kumbhani, Romesh D et al. (2017) Asymmetric Dichoptic Masking in Visual Cortex of Amblyopic Macaque Monkeys. J Neurosci 37:8734-8741 |
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