Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 belongs to a subset of Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) that makes Shiga toxin (Stx) type 1 or type 2 (or a variant thereof), or both toxins, harbors pO157 (or a related plasmid) and expresses the adhesin intimin. Intimin is the product of the eae gene that is contained within a -43 kb pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement or LEE. EHEC O157:H7 is the most common cause of bloody diarrhea (also called hemorrhagic colitis or HC) in the U.S. with an estimated incidence of 73,480 cases per annum. Moreover, the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a sequela of O 157:H7 infection, is the most frequent basis for acute kidney failure in U.S. children. The incidence of non-O157:H7 disease in this country is about half that of O157:H7, or 36,740 cases per year. Worldwide, the single most common serotype of STEC associated with human illness is O157:H7 but other serotypes have also been linked to development of HC and the HUS. The majority of such non-O157 isolates from humans are intimin positive, but intimin-negative strains of STEC have also been incriminated as causes of serious human disease. Because of the potential severity of STEC infection and because O157:H7 has a very low infectious dose 50% and can be spread from person to person, the bacterium is considered a category B biological threat by CDC. The long-term goals of this project are to define at the molecular, cellular, and whole animal levels the pathogenic mechanisms by which STEC cause disease and to develop strategies for prevention and treatment of STEC-mediated HC and HUS.
The specific aims are to: 1. assess the cell biology and distribution of the elastase-activatable, highly potent, phage-encoded Stx2d toxin; 2. define the structure function relationship between intimin-gamma of E. coli O157:H7 and the eukaryotic receptor nucleolin and determine whether nucleolin also engages other types of intimin; 3. test the theory that the interaction between intimin-y and nucleolin on the host cell surface activates an intracellular response that is essential for EHEC O157:I-'17 adherence; 4. explore the hypotheses that O157:H7 strain 86-24 can induce intestinal A/E lesions in orally-infected mice if the strain is altered to express Citrobacter rodentium intimin alone or in concert with other C. rodentium LEE-encoded proteins and that such a strain more efficiently delivers Stx2 systemically than does wild-type and is, therefore, more virulent, and; 5. continue to evaluate as vaccine candidates the C-terminal fragments of intimin-gamma from EHEC O 157:H7 and intimin-alpha from enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) as well as Stxl and Stx2 toxoids for capacity to elicit antibodies that inhibit adherence of EHEC O157:H7 and EPEC to tissue culture cells and to neutralize Stxl and Stx2, respectively, and to assess the protective efficacy of these immunogens alone or in combination when given to animals either parenterally or orally in transgenic plant cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI020148-21
Application #
6679345
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BM-1 (05))
Program Officer
Schmitt, Clare K
Project Start
1983-08-01
Project End
2008-02-29
Budget Start
2003-09-01
Budget End
2004-02-29
Support Year
21
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$191,412
Indirect Cost
Name
Henry M. Jackson Fdn for the Adv Mil/Med
Department
Type
DUNS #
144676566
City
Rockville
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
20817
Russo, Lisa M; Melton-Celsa, Angela R; O'Brien, Alison D (2016) Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a Reduces the Oral Toxicity of Stx Type 2a. J Infect Dis 213:1271-9
Melton-Celsa, Angela R; O'Brien, Alison D; Feng, Peter C H (2015) Virulence Potential of Activatable Shiga Toxin 2d-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Fresh Produce. J Food Prot 78:2085-8
Bunger, Joshua C; Melton-Celsa, Angela R; Maynard, Ernest L et al. (2015) Reduced Toxicity of Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 2c in Mice Compared to Stx2d Is Associated with Instability of Stx2c Holotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 7:2306-20
Melton-Celsa, Angela R; O'Brien, Alison D (2014) New Therapeutic Developments against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2:
Boisen, Nadia; Hansen, Anne-Marie; Melton-Celsa, Angela R et al. (2014) The presence of the pAA plasmid in the German O104:H4 Shiga toxin type 2a (Stx2a)-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain promotes the translocation of Stx2a across an epithelial cell monolayer. J Infect Dis 210:1909-19
Melton-Celsa, Angela R (2014) Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function. Microbiol Spectr 2:EHEC-0024-2013
Gray, Miranda D; Lampel, Keith A; Strockbine, Nancy A et al. (2014) Clinical isolates of Shiga toxin 1a-producing Shigella flexneri with an epidemiological link to recent travel to HispaƱiola. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1669-77
Melton-Celsa, Angela; Mohawk, Krystle; Teel, Louise et al. (2012) Pathogenesis of Shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 357:67-103
Steyert, Susan R; Sahl, Jason W; Fraser, Claire M et al. (2012) Comparative genomics and stx phage characterization of LEE-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:133
Scheutz, Flemming; Teel, Louise D; Beutin, Lothar et al. (2012) Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 50:2951-63

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