Few processes are as fundamental to biological systems as the faithful duplication of the genetic material. In this proposal, we present our plan for continued investigation of how vaccinia virus coordinates the duplication and encapsidation of its genome. Vaccinia, the prototypic poxvirus, replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and possesses a high degree of autonomy from the host. Among the approximately 200 viral genes are those encoding most, if not all, of the repertoire of proteins required for DNA replication. The experimental tractability of this system, amenable to genetic, biochemical, and cell biological dissection, has made vaccinia virus an intriguing model system. The need to gain a deeper understanding of viral replication has become even more compelling in light of a growing fear that life-threatening poxvirus infections might again threaten the human population through acts of bioterrorism. Our plans for the next five years of study are:
AIM I : Understanding the mechanisms of genome replication and encapsidation. Our first goal for this aim is to gain an appreciation of the strategies used by the virus to ensure specific and efficient replication of the viral genome within the cytoplasm of infected cells. First, we will explore a new hypothesis that poxviral DNA replication occurs in localized cytoplasmic domains by virtue of protein interactions with intracellular membranes. Second, we will refine our understanding of which cis-acting elements within the terminal 200-bp of the genome are important for efficient DNA replication. Our second goal is to understand the mechanism whereby progeny genomes are encapsidated into nascent virions. We will test a new model which proposes that the interaction of the telomere-bound I6 protein with the virion-bound A32 protein, a putative ATPase, mediates genome packaging.
AIM II : Understanding the enzymology of genome replication. Genetic and biochemical analyses have identified a repertoire of proteins involved in vaccinia DNA replication. Our goal for these studies is to understand the assembly of a replication fork complex that can duplicate the genome in a processive manner with high fidelity. The E9 DNA polymerase, A20 processivity factor, D4 uracil DNA glycosylase, D5 NTPase, I3 single-strand DNA binding protein, and B1 protein kinase will be the major topics of study.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI021758-21
Application #
6887690
Study Section
Virology Study Section (VR)
Program Officer
Challberg, Mark D
Project Start
1984-12-01
Project End
2009-04-30
Budget Start
2005-05-01
Budget End
2006-04-30
Support Year
21
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$378,750
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical College of Wisconsin
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
937639060
City
Milwaukee
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53226
Greseth, Matthew D; Czarnecki, Maciej W; Bluma, Matthew S et al. (2018) Isolation and Characterization of v?I3 Confirm that Vaccinia Virus SSB Plays an Essential Role in Viral Replication. J Virol 92:
Czarnecki, Maciej W; Traktman, Paula (2017) The vaccinia virus DNA polymerase and its processivity factor. Virus Res 234:193-206
Boyle, Kathleen A; Greseth, Matthew D; Traktman, Paula (2015) Genetic Confirmation that the H5 Protein Is Required for Vaccinia Virus DNA Replication. J Virol 89:6312-27
Greseth, Matthew D; Boyle, Kathleen A; Bluma, Matthew S et al. (2012) Molecular genetic and biochemical characterization of the vaccinia virus I3 protein, the replicative single-stranded DNA binding protein. J Virol 86:6197-209
Boyle, Kathleen A; Stanitsa, Eleni S; Greseth, Matthew D et al. (2011) Evaluation of the role of the vaccinia virus uracil DNA glycosylase and A20 proteins as intrinsic components of the DNA polymerase holoenzyme. J Biol Chem 286:24702-13
Wiebe, Matthew S; Traktman, Paula (2007) Poxviral B1 kinase overcomes barrier to autointegration factor, a host defense against virus replication. Cell Host Microbe 1:187-97
Boyle, Kathleen A; Arps, Lisa; Traktman, Paula (2007) Biochemical and genetic analysis of the vaccinia virus d5 protein: Multimerization-dependent ATPase activity is required to support viral DNA replication. J Virol 81:844-59
Stanitsa, Eleni S; Arps, Lisa; Traktman, Paula (2006) Vaccinia virus uracil DNA glycosylase interacts with the A20 protein to form a heterodimeric processivity factor for the viral DNA polymerase. J Biol Chem 281:3439-51
Boyle, Kathleen A; Traktman, Paula (2004) Members of a novel family of mammalian protein kinases complement the DNA-negative phenotype of a vaccinia virus ts mutant defective in the B1 kinase. J Virol 78:1992-2005
Traktman, Paula; Boyle, Kathleen (2004) Methods for analysis of poxvirus DNA replication. Methods Mol Biol 269:169-86

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