Our principal goal is to discover new anti-HIV clinical trial candidates based on natural products from higher plants. Correspondingly, with the prior support of this grant, we developed the modified triterpene bevirimat (BVM), the first-in-class HIV maturation inhibitor, which successfully reached Phase IIb clinical trials, and discovered the gnidimacrin (GM)-related daphnane-type diterpenes, which exhibit extremely potent dichotomous activity for activation of latent HIV-1 replication and inhibition of de novo HIV infection at low picomolar concentration. We hypothesize that new anti-HIV-1 compounds with unique structures, extremely potent activity, and novel mechanism of action (MOA) can be identified from natural products and their derivatives. We will carry out the following specific studies to accomplish our objectives: 1. Discovery of new leads from natural products. We will identify potent anti-HIV principles from extracts of previously unexplored rainforest and medicinal plant species 2. Optimization of identified leads using rational synthetic modifications to yield promising compounds suitable for future preclinical studies and clinical trials. Two major research areas are 1) Development of a second-generation BVM-analog to overcome issues of Gag polymorphism in the viral target and continue clinical development of triterpenoid maturation inhibitors as a new anti-HIV therapy. 2) Modification of GM-related diterpenes to identify drug candidates for HIV-1 eradication. 3. Determination of anti-HIV-1 activity and MOA for new and already identified promising candidates. We will conduct both HIV drug screening and mechanistic assays, respectively. We plan to identify novel compounds with potent anti-HIV-1 activity and novel MOA, including families of compounds with activity against HIV isolates resistant to currently approved drugs. We also expect to identify the drug targets. A distinctive and valuable collaboration between two academic institutions [Dr. K.H. Lee, Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL), UNC and Dr. C.H. Chen, Duke University] has been established and is ongoing to discover and develop novel small molecule HIV inhibitors from natural products and their synthetic analogs. The NPRL has expertise in the bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation (BDFI) and characterization of bioactive natural products coupled with structural modification of the new leads to optimize their pharmaceutical profiles. Dr. Chen's laboratory at Duke University has the needed expertise, experience, and resources to perform initial activity screening, as well as further mechanistic and pharmacological studies to develop the natural product-based inhibitors through preclinical studies. Based on these current lead compounds as well as future novel active constituents to be identified from medicinal plants, this anti-HIV research program will be able to successfully discover and develop new anti-HIV drug candidates for AIDS treatment and HIV-1 eradication.

Public Health Relevance

New AIDS drugs are continually needed, particularly as HIV strains resistant to different current anti- retroviral therapies continue to emerge. One compound resulting from this research has already reached Phase IIb clinical trials and another compound is currently in-hand that shows extremely potent activity. Based on these current lead compounds as well as future novel active constituents to be identified from medicinal plants, this anti-HIV research program will be able to successfully discover and develop new anti-HIV drug candidates for AIDS treatment and HIV-1 eradication.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI033066-26
Application #
9293216
Study Section
AIDS Discovery and Development of Therapeutics Study Section (ADDT)
Program Officer
Nasr, Mohamed E
Project Start
1992-08-01
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2017-07-01
Budget End
2018-06-30
Support Year
26
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
Liu, Qingbo; Li, Wei; Huang, Li et al. (2018) Identification, structural modification, and dichotomous effects on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication of ingenane esters from Euphorbia kansui. Eur J Med Chem 156:618-627
Tian, Ye; Liu, Zhaoqiang; Liu, Jinghan et al. (2018) Targeting the entrance channel of NNIBP: Discovery of diarylnicotinamide 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with high potency against wild-type and E138K mutant virus. Eur J Med Chem 151:339-350
Huang, Li; Lai, Wei-Hong; Zhu, Lei et al. (2018) Elimination of HIV-1 Latently Infected Cells by Gnidimacrin and a Selective HDAC Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 9:268-273
Wei, Lei; Wang, Hui-Ling; Huang, Li et al. (2017) Drug-like property-driven optimization of 4-substituted 1,5-diarylanilines as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against rilpivirine-resistant mutant virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 27:2788-2792
Zhao, Yu; Gu, Qiong; Morris-Natschke, Susan L et al. (2016) Incorporation of Privileged Structures into Bevirimat Can Improve Activity against Wild-Type and Bevirimat-Resistant HIV-1. J Med Chem 59:9262-9268
Jiang, Cheng; Luo, Pan; Zhao, Yu et al. (2016) Carolignans from the Aerial Parts of Euphorbia sikkimensis and Their Anti-HIV Activity. J Nat Prod 79:578-83
Li, Jizhen; Goto, Masuo; Yang, Xiaoming et al. (2016) Fluorinated betulinic acid derivatives and evaluation of their anti-HIV activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26:68-71
Dang, Zhao; Zhu, Lei; Lai, Weihong et al. (2016) Aloperine and Its Derivatives as a New Class of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 7:240-4
Liu, Na; Wei, Lei; Huang, Li et al. (2016) Novel HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Agents: Optimization of Diarylanilines with High Potency against Wild-Type and Rilpivirine-Resistant E138K Mutant Virus. J Med Chem 59:3689-704
Yan, Min; Lu, Yan; Chen, Chin-Ho et al. (2015) Stelleralides D-J and Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Stellera chamaejasme. J Nat Prod 78:2712-8

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