Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are major pathogens in mostly the very young, aged or immunocompromised human population resulting in tens of thousands of deaths each year and billions of dollars in healthcare costs. For example, the predominant ExPEC subtype, E. coli O18:K1, expresses O18 somatic and K1 polysialic acid capsule antigens as two major virulence factors responsible for making these strains the leading causes of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Using microbial genetics and innovative methods of carbohydrate analysis, we defined the complete pathways for sialic acid transport, synthesis, polymerization, catabolism and modification of both monomeric and polysialic acids. The modification mechanism was linked to a novel bacterial virus (CUS-3) carrying the phase-variable acetylase gene catalyzing stochastic O-acetylation of the sialic acid exocyclic chain. We hypothesize that understanding the in vivo functions of these bacterial antigens will facilitate approaches targeting them for new therapeutic development. We have designed three specific aims to test this hypothesis: 1) Determine the contribution of monomeric sialic acid O- acetylation to overall polysialic acid modification by genetically altering the acetyltransferase, NeuD, and acetylesterase, NeuA* (NeuA-star).
This aim focuses on the enzymes involved in the reciprocal addition (NeuD) or subtraction (NeuA*) of O- acetyl esters to or from monomeric sialic acids prior to their incorporation into polysialic acid. 2) Determine the dynamics of capsular polysialic acid modification in vivo using an innovative flow cytometric technique and microscopic methods to distinguish between acetylated and unacetylated phases in different host compartments. 3) Determine the molecular basis for coupling polysaccharide synthesis to export by (i) constructing in frame deletions of all region 1 export genes, (ii) determining whether 3-deoxy-D-manno- octulosonate is required for biosynthesis, (iii) identifying the polymerase domain(s) interacting with the accessory protein, KpsC, (iv) using Quantum-dot technology and K1- specific phage to determine the site of capsule export, and (v) determining the chemical structure of the initiation complex.

Public Health Relevance

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) causes tens of thousands of deaths in the United States each year, and is associated with billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance coupled with the lack of safe and effective vaccines or other drug therapies supports research effort directed toward identification of bacterial targets for new therapeutic development. Our renewal application is focused on the acetylated form of the E. coli K1 polysialic acid capsular polysaccharide, present in all of the most virulent K1 strains, and the fundamental machinery for capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis producing the major virulence factor in the majority of ExPEC strains.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI042015-15
Application #
8645576
Study Section
Bacterial Pathogenesis Study Section (BACP)
Program Officer
Korpela, Jukka K
Project Start
1998-07-01
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
15
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$235,373
Indirect Cost
$86,873
Name
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
041544081
City
Champaign
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
61820
Vimr, Eric R (2013) Unified theory of bacterial sialometabolism: how and why bacteria metabolize host sialic acids. ISRN Microbiol 2013:816713
Steenbergen, Susan M; Vimr, Eric R (2013) Chromatographic analysis of the Escherichia coli polysialic acid capsule. Methods Mol Biol 966:109-20
Kalivoda, Kathryn A; Steenbergen, Susan M; Vimr, Eric R (2013) Control of the Escherichia coli sialoregulon by transcriptional repressor NanR. J Bacteriol 195:4689-701
Bull, J J; Vimr, E R; Molineux, I J (2010) A tale of tails: Sialidase is key to success in a model of phage therapy against K1-capsulated Escherichia coli. Virology 398:79-86
Steenbergen, Susan M; Jirik, Jamie L; Vimr, Eric R (2009) YjhS (NanS) is required for Escherichia coli to grow on 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid. J Bacteriol 191:7134-9
Vimr, Eric R; Steenbergen, Susan M (2009) Early molecular-recognition events in the synthesis and export of group 2 capsular polysaccharides. Microbiology 155:9-15
Steenbergen, Susan M; Lee, Young-Choon; Vann, Willie F et al. (2006) Separate pathways for O acetylation of polymeric and monomeric sialic acids and identification of sialyl O-acetyl esterase in Escherichia coli K1. J Bacteriol 188:6195-206
Vimr, Eric R; Steenbergen, Susan M (2006) Mobile contingency locus controlling Escherichia coli K1 polysialic acid capsule acetylation. Mol Microbiol 60:828-37
Steenbergen, Susan M; Lichtensteiger, Carol A; Caughlan, Ruth et al. (2005) Sialic Acid metabolism and systemic pasteurellosis. Infect Immun 73:1284-94
Deszo, Eric L; Steenbergen, Susan M; Freedberg, Daron I et al. (2005) Escherichia coli K1 polysialic acid O-acetyltransferase gene, neuO, and the mechanism of capsule form variation involving a mobile contingency locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:5564-9

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