Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounts for over 2 million deaths per year. Furthermore, the global burden of tuberculosis has been compounded by its deadly association with the AIDS virus and by the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, which have increased the demand for new treatments to stem the tuberculosis/AIDS epidemic. The design of new drugs and vaccines requires an understanding of the biology of mycobacteria and the development of genetic tools to manipulate their genomes in order to determine the molecular basis of pathogenesis and drug resistance. Although both transformation and transduction have had important roles in the development of mycobacterial genetics, little is known about conjugal DNA transfer. Conjugation offers an important alternative for transferring DNA between mycobacteria and, in particular, as a gene delivery system for moving markers between strains and generating targeted mutations. During the last grant-period, we described a DNA transfer process in Mycobacterium smegmatis that is different from any conjugation system described to-date. This proposal is designed to characterize the M. smegmatis conjugation system by defining and identifying both cis-acting DNA sequences and trans-acting proteins that mediate DNA transfer. Such analyses will provide important mechanistic information about the process of DNA transfer and allow differences between donor and recipient cells to be determined. Moreover, by modifying transferable plasmids, a new allele-exchange system will be established, enabling the capture of segments of chromosomal DNA and the generation of targeted mutations by transfer-mediated recombination. The application of this system to the slow-growing mycobacterial pathogens will be a valuable new addition to current molecular approaches. In addition, plasmids have been isolated from Mycobacterium avium that encode DNA relaxases related to those required for classical conjugal transfer in gram-negative bacteria. The ability of these plasmids to transfer among slow-growing mycobacteria will be investigated to understand the role of conjugation in lateral transfer among mycobacterial populations and its possible role in the spread of drug resistance.
The aims are: 1. To characterize cis-acting sequences required for DNA transfer and to develop transfer as a molecular genetic tool for the study of mycobacteria. 2. To identify and characterize trans-acting transfer functions in both donor and recipient cells. 3. To examine transfer of chromosomal and plasmid DNA among fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI042308-08
Application #
7019993
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MBC-2 (01))
Program Officer
Sizemore, Christine F
Project Start
1999-02-01
Project End
2009-02-28
Budget Start
2006-03-01
Budget End
2007-02-28
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$238,518
Indirect Cost
Name
Wadsworth Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
153695478
City
Menands
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
12204
Derbyshire, Keith M; Gray, Todd A (2014) Distributive Conjugal Transfer: New Insights into Horizontal Gene Transfer and Genetic Exchange in Mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2:
Gray, Todd A; Palumbo, Michael J; Derbyshire, Keith M (2013) Draft Genome Sequence of MKD8, a Conjugal Recipient Mycobacterium smegmatis Strain. Genome Announc 1:e0014813
Gray, Todd A; Krywy, Janet A; Harold, Jessica et al. (2013) Distributive conjugal transfer in mycobacteria generates progeny with meiotic-like genome-wide mosaicism, allowing mapping of a mating identity locus. PLoS Biol 11:e1001602
Wirth, Samantha E; Krywy, Janet A; Aldridge, Bree B et al. (2012) Polar assembly and scaffolding proteins of the virulence-associated ESX-1 secretory apparatus in mycobacteria. Mol Microbiol 83:654-64
Nguyen, Kiet T; Piastro, Kristina; Gray, Todd A et al. (2010) Mycobacterial biofilms facilitate horizontal DNA transfer between strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 192:5134-42
Callahan, Brian; Nguyen, Kiet; Collins, Alissa et al. (2010) Conservation of structure and protein-protein interactions mediated by the secreted mycobacterial proteins EsxA, EsxB, and EspA. J Bacteriol 192:326-35
Nguyen, Kiet T; Piastro, Kristina; Derbyshire, Keith M (2009) LpqM, a mycobacterial lipoprotein-metalloproteinase, is required for conjugal DNA transfer in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 191:2721-7
Bitter, Wilbert; Houben, Edith N G; Bottai, Daria et al. (2009) Systematic genetic nomenclature for type VII secretion systems. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000507
Cooper, Andrea M; Kaplan, Gilla; Derbyshire, Keith (2009) TB day summit in upstate New York: key issues to address. Eur J Immunol 39:1443-7
Coros, Abbie; Callahan, Brian; Battaglioli, Eric et al. (2008) The specialized secretory apparatus ESX-1 is essential for DNA transfer in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 69:794-808

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