Innate immunity is an ancient defense response that evolved with the earliest metazoan creatures, and is the first line of defense against microbial infection. These responses rely on the immediate recognition of microbes by germline-encoded receptors, and drive the production of numerous chemical, biological, and cellular responses to defend against infection. In the face of constant microbial assault, innate immunity is essential for the survival of nearly all multicellular organisms. On the other hand, over-exuberant or inappropriate innate immune responses are the underlying cause of morbidity and mortality associated with many infectious, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory diseases. Thus, a thorough mechanistic understanding of innate immunity has many potential applications in the development of the next generation of therapeutics. This proposal uses the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model for the study of innate immunity. Flies offer many advantages for the study of innate immunity, including experimental tractability and a model system without the complexity of the adaptive immune response. The Drosophila immune response is an excellent model for vector insect species, and discoveries made in flies are being translated into new approaches to control vector-borne diseases. Furthermore, many aspects of the innate immune responses are highly conserved with mammals, and discoveries made in flies can be translated into important, paradigm shifting, findings in mammals. Particularly relevant for this proposal are the conserved NF-?B and MAPK signaling pathways that drive the immediate response to infection, in both insects and mammals. In Drosophila, systemic microbial infections are recognized by two distinct NF-?B signaling pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways. Both of these pathways are triggered by microbial cell walls and drive the production of antimicrobial peptides and other immuno-protective molecules. In particular, the IMD pathway is triggered by DAP-type peptidoglycan from the cell wall of certain bacteria. The long-term objective of this proposal is to understand in molecular detail the mechanisms used by the IMD pathway to trigger effective immune responses.
The specific aims of this proposal address the molecular mechanisms involved in IMD signal transduction.
Aim 1 focuses on the mechanisms by which polyubiquitin chains control IMD signal transduction, with particular emphasis on the targets and types of ubiquitination as well as the function of these polyubiquitin chains.
Aim 2 investigates the dual mechanisms utilized by the Drosophila I?B kinase (IKK) to regulate activation of the NF-?B precursor Relish. A newly identified component of the IMD pathway, known as RYBP, is the focus of genetic and molecular analysis in Aim 3. RYBP is highly conserved, and Aim 3 additionally investigates the role of mouse and human RYBP homologs in mammalian innate immune signaling.

Public Health Relevance

Innate immunity plays a critical role in nearly all infectious and autoimmune diseases, and is very similar in nearly all animals. Thus, we propose to investigate the innate immune system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and how it responds to bacterial infection. This research may have a direct and profound impact on continuing efforts to modulate the immune response in mosquitoes, in order to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria or West Nile Virus. In addition, the discoveries from this research will also likely have direct relevance to similar innate immune pathways in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI060025-09A1
Application #
8246025
Study Section
Innate Immunity and Inflammation Study Section (III)
Program Officer
Leitner, Wolfgang W
Project Start
2004-02-15
Project End
2016-11-30
Budget Start
2011-12-01
Budget End
2012-11-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$245,916
Indirect Cost
$96,423
Name
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603847393
City
Worcester
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01655
West, Cara; Silverman, Neal (2018) p38b and JAK-STAT signaling protect against Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 infection in Drosophila. PLoS Pathog 14:e1007020
Goto, Akira; Okado, Kiyoshi; Martins, Nelson et al. (2018) The Kinase IKK? Regulates a STING- and NF-?B-Dependent Antiviral Response Pathway in Drosophila. Immunity 49:225-234.e4
Nandy, Anubhab; Lin, Lin; Velentzas, Panagiotis D et al. (2018) The NF-?B Factor Relish Regulates Atg1 Expression and Controls Autophagy. Cell Rep 25:2110-2120.e3
Paik, Donggi; Monahan, Amanda; Caffrey, Daniel R et al. (2017) SLC46 Family Transporters Facilitate Cytosolic Innate Immune Recognition of Monomeric Peptidoglycans. J Immunol 199:263-270
Chen, Li; Paquette, Nicholas; Mamoor, Shahan et al. (2017) Innate immune signaling in Drosophila is regulated by transforming growth factor ? (TGF?)-activated kinase (Tak1)-triggered ubiquitin editing. J Biol Chem 292:8738-8749
Kleino, Anni; Ramia, Nancy F; Bozkurt, Gunes et al. (2017) Peptidoglycan-Sensing Receptors Trigger the Formation of Functional Amyloids of the Adaptor Protein Imd to Initiate Drosophila NF-?B Signaling. Immunity 47:635-647.e6
Gammon, Don B; Ishidate, Takao; Li, Lichao et al. (2017) The Antiviral RNA Interference Response Provides Resistance to Lethal Arbovirus Infection and Vertical Transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 27:795-806
Liu, Bo; Zheng, Yonggang; Yin, Feng et al. (2016) Toll Receptor-Mediated Hippo Signaling Controls Innate Immunity in Drosophila. Cell 164:406-19
Gulia-Nuss, Monika; Nuss, Andrew B; Meyer, Jason M et al. (2016) Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease. Nat Commun 7:10507
Gammon, Don B; Duraffour, Sophie; Rozelle, Daniel K et al. (2014) A single vertebrate DNA virus protein disarms invertebrate immunity to RNA virus infection. Elife 3:

Showing the most recent 10 out of 44 publications