Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD), a systemic autoimmune syndrome, remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality of long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The long- term goals of our project are to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cGVHD pathogenesis, and to develop effective therapies for prevention and treatment of cGVHD. The proposed studies will dissect the mechanisms whereby graft and de novo- generated CD4+ T cells interact with graft and de novo-generated B cells to induce cGVHD and clarify whether blockade of GC formation can prevent induction of cGVHD. We have recently developed a cGVHD model using MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 donors and BALB/c recipients. Results with this model closely reflect the transition from acute to chronic GVHD and characteristic features observed clinically in patients. Donor CD4+ T cells induced cGVHD in the presence or absence of host thymus. But donor CD8+ T cells induced cGVHD only in recipients with a functioning thymus. Donor CD8+ T cells damaged thymic negative selection, resulting in generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells that mediate cGVHD. Donor B cells from the graft and new B cells generated de novo from the engrafted marrow after HCT augment induction of cGVHD by donor CD4+ T cells. Abnormalities in extrafollicular and follicular CD4+ T and B cell interactions have both been shown to be involved in systemic autoimmune lupus pathogenesis. Our preliminary studies using transplants from donors whose B cells are BCL6-deficient and cannot give rise to follicular germinal centers (GCs) did not reduce cGVHD severity at all. On the other hand, results from other investigators have suggested that GC formation is necessary for induction and maintenance of cGVHD. This project is designed to test two related hypotheses relevant to the role of interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. 1) Mature donor CD4+ T cells from the graft interact with mature graft B cells and de novo-generated B cells after HCT to induce cGVHD in the absence of GC formation, although certain interventions that disrupt interactions between CD4+ T and B cells can prevent cGVHD. 2) Interactions between de novo-generated CD4+ T and B cells may lead to GC formation, but autoimmunity rapidly destroys the GCs and lymphoid tissues. Thus, interventions that block GC formation are not expected to prevent cGVHD. Again, however, disruption of interactions between CD4+ T and B cells can prevent cGVHD. The proposed studies will provide new insights into how CD4+ T and B cells interact to induce and perpetuate cGVHD and will lead to the development of novel regimens for prevention and treatment of cGVHD.

Public Health Relevance

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies. However, chronic GVHD remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality for long- term survivors of allogeneic HCT. There has been no significant progress in the prevention and treatment of chronic GVHD over the past two decades, due in part to the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD. With a newly established chronic GVHD animal model that closely reflects characteristics of chronic GVHD in humans, we will dissect how CD4+ T and B cells interact to mediate chronic GVHD before and after disease onset. These studies will provide novel insights into chronic GVHD pathogenesis and lead to development of new regimens for preventing and treating chronic GVHD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI066008-11A1
Application #
9055483
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IMM-H (02))
Program Officer
Nabavi, Nasrin N
Project Start
2005-07-01
Project End
2020-11-30
Budget Start
2015-12-03
Budget End
2016-11-30
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$144,782
Indirect Cost
$59,616
Name
City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
027176833
City
Duarte
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
91010
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Zeng, Defu (2018) Newly found arsons ignite the fire of gut GVHD. J Clin Invest 128:897-899
Deng, Ruishu; Hurtz, Christian; Song, Qingxiao et al. (2017) Extrafollicular CD4+ T-B interactions are sufficient for inducing autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease. Nat Commun 8:978
Zeng, Defu (2017) Bridge between type 1 diabetes in mouse and man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:10821-10823
Ni, Xiong; Song, Qingxiao; Cassady, Kaniel et al. (2017) PD-L1 interacts with CD80 to regulate graft-versus-leukemia activity of donor CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 127:1960-1977
Jin, Hua; Ni, Xiong; Deng, Ruishu et al. (2016) Antibodies from donor B cells perpetuate cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 127:2249-60
Deng, Ruishu; Cassady, Kaniel; Li, Xiaofan et al. (2015) B7H1/CD80 interaction augments PD-1-dependent T cell apoptosis and ameliorates graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol 194:560-74
Johnston, Heather F; Xu, Yajing; Racine, Jeremy J et al. (2014) Administration of anti-CD20 mAb is highly effective in preventing but ineffective in treating chronic graft-versus-host disease while preserving strong graft-versus-leukemia effects. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 20:1089-103
He, Wei; Racine, Jeremy J; Johnston, Heather F et al. (2014) Depletion of host CCR7(+) dendritic cells prevented donor T cell tissue tropism in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 20:920-8
Wu, Tao; Young, James S; Johnston, Heather et al. (2013) Thymic damage, impaired negative selection, and development of chronic graft-versus-host disease caused by donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 191:488-99

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