Cells are hard-wired to detect viral pathogens and rapidly respond with a web of antiviral defense. Virus detection leads to type I interferon (IFN) production and signaling, ultimately resulting in transcription of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Collectively, ISGs establish a strikingly potent antiviral state; however, viruses have evolved ways to antagonize IFN production and signaling shortly after infection. The host's need for speed in responding to infection is therefore paramount. We hypothesize that an important and understudied mechanism that cells use to rapidly respond to infection prior to the production of ISGs is by altering their cellular translatome-in other words, by rapidly altering the translation of pre-existing mRNAs to facilitate a robust antiviral response. We propose to fill this knowledge gap by using two powerful techniques to measure translation efficiency and nascent protein synthesis: ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry. Further, we will continue characterizing two ISGs, MOV10 and ADAR1, that were identified in our previous ISG screens. Our results indicate that both ISGs are likely to impact mRNA translation during the innate immune response. These studies will broaden and deepen our knowledge of the antiviral response in novel ways.

Public Health Relevance

Virus infections have an enormous negative impact on economies, agriculture, and importantly, on human health. Unfortunately, broadly acting antiviral therapies do not yet exist. Here we propose to improve our fundamental understanding of the evolutionarily tried-and-true host antiviral response in the hope that this knowledge will lead to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI091707-06
Application #
9128351
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Repik, Patricia M
Project Start
2011-03-01
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Rockefeller University
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Graduate Schools
DUNS #
071037113
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
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