Calpain 3 (C3) is the muscle specific member of the calcium dependent protease family, mutations in which result in a form of muscular dystrophy called limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). In the previous funding period for this grant, we made good progress in understanding the biological function of C3. We showed that C3 is important for proper sarcomere structure, in vitro and in vivo. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that during normal development and muscle adaptation, C3, in conjunction with the ubiquitin/proteasome-system, displaces and removes myofibrillar proteins, and allows for the subsequent replacement by new proteins. Once sarcomeres are fully assembled they form such a dense compact entity that their subunits are protected from proteolytic action. C3's placement in the sarcomere, due to its interaction with titin, allows it accessibility to myofibrillar proteins that are to be turned over following damage or remodeling. We further showed that pathogenic LGMD2A mutations that do not affect C3s proteolytic capabilities can affect its ability to bind titin, and that titin serves as an important anchor for C3. Finally, we have shown that there is a generalized loss of protein turnover in C3KO muscles, leading to protein aggregates and a cellular stress response. The above observations have elucidated the biological function of C3 but have left unanswered questions. How does loss of C3's normal activity result in muscle disease? How does loss of anchorage to titin affect C3's normal cellular role? In our preliminary data, we show that C3 has cellular substrates that fall into two major categories that include myofibrillar proteins and mitochondrial proteins. This finding suggests that in addition to its role in myofibrillar protein turnover, C3 might be important in mitochondrial protein turnover. This hypothesis is supported by our preliminary data showing abnormal mitochondrial morphology and oxidative stress in C3 knock out mice. In this funding period, we will investigate the following aims:
Aim 1 : To characterize the biochemical consequences of disrupted calpain 3-titin interactions on calpain 3 activity and substrate accessibility.
Aim 2 : To characterize the biological consequences of disrupted calpain 3-titin interactions on muscle morphology and function.
Aim 3 : To characterize the mitochondrial defect and features of oxidative stress in calpain 3 KO muscles.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR048177-10
Application #
7917324
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MOSS-K (07))
Program Officer
Nuckolls, Glen H
Project Start
2001-09-24
Project End
2012-08-31
Budget Start
2010-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$385,672
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Kramerova, Irina; Torres, Jorge A; Eskin, Ascia et al. (2018) Calpain 3 and CaMKII? signaling are required to induce HSP70 necessary for adaptive muscle growth after atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 27:1642-1653
DiFranco, Marino; Kramerova, Irina; Vergara, Julio L et al. (2016) Attenuated Ca(2+) release in a mouse model of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. Skelet Muscle 6:11
Kramerova, Irina; Ermolova, Natalia; Eskin, Ascia et al. (2016) Failure to up-regulate transcription of genes necessary for muscle adaptation underlies limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A (calpainopathy). Hum Mol Genet 25:2194-2207
Mokhonova, Ekaterina I; Avliyakulov, Nuraly K; Kramerova, Irina et al. (2015) The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 regulates myoblast proliferation by controlling turnover of NDRG2. Hum Mol Genet 24:2873-83
Ermolova, Natalia; Kramerova, Irina; Spencer, Melissa J (2015) Autolytic activation of calpain 3 proteinase is facilitated by calmodulin protein. J Biol Chem 290:996-1004
Kudryashova, Elena; Kramerova, Irina; Spencer, Melissa J (2012) Satellite cell senescence underlies myopathy in a mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2H. J Clin Invest 122:1764-76
Kramerova, I; Kudryashova, E; Ermolova, N et al. (2012) Impaired calcium calmodulin kinase signaling and muscle adaptation response in the absence of calpain 3. Hum Mol Genet 21:3193-204
Jaka, Oihane; Kramerova, Irina; Azpitarte, Margarita et al. (2012) C3KO mouse expression analysis: downregulation of the muscular dystrophy Ky protein and alterations in muscle aging. Neurogenetics 13:347-57
Ermolova, Natalia; Kudryashova, Elena; DiFranco, Marino et al. (2011) Pathogenity of some limb girdle muscular dystrophy mutations can result from reduced anchorage to myofibrils and altered stability of calpain 3. Hum Mol Genet 20:3331-45
Kudryashova, Elena; Struyk, Arie; Mokhonova, Ekaterina et al. (2011) The common missense mutation D489N in TRIM32 causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2H leads to loss of the mutated protein in knock-in mice resulting in a Trim32-null phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 20:3925-32

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