The ultimate goal of this investigation is the characterization of chemopreventive strategies to reduce the risk of genotoxic damage to normal tissues by cancer therapy agents during the treatment of potentially curable neoplastic disease. The experimental models to be used include a C3H mouse system, in which both mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus and tumor response as a result of radiation and chemotherapy will be investigated, and a number of rodent cell systems in which the chemopreventive effectiveness of selected radioprotector agents will be characterized and contrasted. Both mechanistic and applied issues will be addressed. The three specific aims to be investigated are A) the development of chemoprevention strategies to maintain cytotoxic effectiveness of experimental therapies in mice bearing micro lung tumors, while minimizing the genotoxic risk to normal cells; B) The characterization of chemopreventive effects on the process(es) of spontaneous metastasis formation; and C) the characterization of cellular responses to potential chemopreventive compounds in selected rodent cell systems, to assess the usefulness of measuring intracellular glutathione, glutathione S- transferase, and thiol levels, protein kinase C activity, magnitude of DNA damage and repair, changes in split dose survival and repair, and frequency of mutations at the hprt locus as intermediate biomarkers for chemoprevention. Radioprotector compounds to be studied which possess potential chemopreventive properties include S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethyl phosphorothioic acid (WR-2721), 2-((aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR- 1065) and its disulfide form (WR-33278), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the prodrug ribose-cysteine (Rib Cys) and captopril. Therapy agents to be used are 60Co and x-ray radiation, cytoxan, and cisplatin. The models for neoplastic disease are four mouse syngeneic tumors, i.e., fibrosarcoma (FSa) fibrosarcoma (NFSA), mammary carcinoma (MCAK), and a lymphoma which can be grown in the lungs or flanks of C3H mice. Techniques to be used include HPLC and monobromobimane fluorescent labeling to assay thiol and disulfide levels, determination of protein kinase C activity by measuring peptide phosphorylation levels corrected for background due to other protein kinases, alkaline elution to measure single-strand breaks in DNA and their associated kinetics of repair, and the hprt mutation assay in T- lymphocytes of mice and in selected cultured cell systems. The hprt mutation system is not proposed to be a predictor of carcinogenesis, but rather is considered to be an excellent marker for assessing genomic damage. This proposal will investigate the efficacy of thiol compounds as chemopreventive agents for use with radiation and chemotherapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA037435-13
Application #
2007455
Study Section
Radiation Study Section (RAD)
Project Start
1983-09-30
Project End
1999-12-31
Budget Start
1997-03-15
Budget End
1997-12-31
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
1997
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
225410919
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Murley, Jeffrey S; Kataoka, Yasushi; Weydert, Christine J et al. (2006) Delayed radioprotection by nuclear transcription factor kappaB -mediated induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in human microvascular endothelial cells after exposure to the free radical scavenger WR1065. Free Radic Biol Med 40:1004-16
Murley, Jeffrey S; Kataoka, Yasushi; Cao, Dingcai et al. (2004) Delayed radioprotection by NFkappaB-mediated induction of Sod2 (MnSOD) in SA-NH tumor cells after exposure to clinically used thiol-containing drugs. Radiat Res 162:536-46
Khodarev, Nikolai N; Kataoka, Yasushi; Murley, Jeffrey S et al. (2004) Interaction of amifostine and ionizing radiation on transcriptional patterns of apoptotic genes expressed in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:553-63
Elas, Martyna; Parasca, Adrian; Grdina, David J et al. (2003) Oral administration is as effective as intraperitoneal administration of amifostine in decreasing nitroxide EPR signal decay in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1637:151-5
Murley, Jeffrey S; Kataoka, Yasushi; Weydert, Christine J et al. (2002) Delayed cytoprotection after enhancement of Sod2 (MnSOD) gene expression in SA-NH mouse sarcoma cells exposed to WR-1065, the active metabolite of amifostine. Radiat Res 158:101-9
Kataoka, Yasushi; Murley, Jeffrey S; Khodarev, Nikolai N et al. (2002) Activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and differential gene expression in U87 glioma cells after exposure to the cytoprotector amifostine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53:180-9
Grdina, David J; Kataoka, Yasushi; Murley, Jeffrey S et al. (2002) Antimetastatic effectiveness of amifostine therapy following surgical removal of Sa-NH tumors in mice. Semin Oncol 29:22-8
Grdina, David J; Murley, Jeffrey S; Kataoka, Yasushi et al. (2002) Differential activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB, gene expression, and proteins by amifostine's free thiol in human microvascular endothelial and glioma cells. Semin Radiat Oncol 12:103-11
Grdina, David J; Kataoka, Yasushi; Murley, Jeffrey S et al. (2002) Inhibition of spontaneous metastases formation by amifostine. Int J Cancer 97:135-41
Khodarev, N N; Yu, J; Nodzenski, E et al. (2002) Method of RNA purification from endothelial cells for DNA array experiments. Biotechniques 32:316, 318, 320

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