Human Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKR1A1, AKR1C1-AKR1C4) catalyze the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) trans-dihydrodiols to yield catechols which autooxidize to electrophilic and redox-active PAH o-quinones. In human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells this pathway results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of the mutagenic lesion 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). Thus, in addition to PAH diol-epoxide-DNA adducts, oxidative DNA lesions may contribute to lung cancer initiation. Recently, AKR1C1-1C3 and AKR1B10 genes were identified as tobacco exposure and response genes in human bronchial epithelial and buccal cells.
Four aims will elaborate the role of the AKR pathway in cancer of the airway.
In Aim#1, the phase I [quinone reductases (QR)] enzymes that redox-cycle the PAH o-quinones will be identified. Unexpectedly, AKRs have substantial PAH o-quinone reductase activity and we will compare their catalytic efficiency and ability to generate ROS with NQO1. The phase II enzymes that remove the PAH- catechols (COMT, SULTs and UGTs) and PAH o-quinones (GSTs) from this redox-cycle will also be identified in vitro.
In Aim#2, the metabolic fate of the PAH o-quinone ([3H]-benzo[a]pyrene-(B[a]P)-7,8-dione) will be elucidated in human bronchoalveolar (H358), A549 and immortalized bronchial epithelial (HBEC-tk) cells that produce this metabolite. Catechol and o-quinone conjugates will be identified and enzymes responsible phenotyped using real-time qRT-PCR.
Aims 1 and 2 will identify enzymes whose polymorphic variants may affect individual susceptibility to PAH exposure and response.
Aim #3, will determine whether the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) delivers PAH o-quinones to the nucleus to cause oxidative DNA damage. Studies will be performed in murine Hepa1 cells and their genetic AhR and ARNT negative variants and in HBEC-tk cells in which either AhR or ARNT have been silenced with si-RNA. The formation of 8-oxo-dGuo will be measured by an immunoaffinity capture LC-MS stable isotope dilution assay.
Aim#4 will determine whether cigarette smoke condensate alters the transcriptome in HBEC-tk cells and oral dsyplasia cells with consequential elevation of AKR expression and 8-oxo-dGuo formation upon exposure to B[a]P or B[a]P-7,8- trans-dihydrodiol. These studies will inform genotyping and validate genomic studies in lung and buccal cancer. They will demonstrate that by acting as cigarette smoke and response genes, AKRs increase oxidative DNA damage and the mutagenic burden.

Public Health Relevance

Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are tobacco exposure and response genes and are implicated in the initiation of cancer of the airway. AKRs activate tobacco polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to yield reactive and redox-active PAH o-quinones. This proposal will identify genes that eliminate these quinones or their catechol redox partners and demonstrate that in lung and buccal cancer cells AKRs increase the oxidative mutagenic burden. These studies will inform genotyping and validate genomic studies of cancer of the airway and improve risk assessment prediction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA039504-26
Application #
8205021
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Johnson, Ronald L
Project Start
1986-03-01
Project End
2013-12-31
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2012-12-31
Support Year
26
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$280,504
Indirect Cost
$102,406
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Penning, Trevor M (2015) The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs): Overview. Chem Biol Interact 234:236-46
Penning, Trevor M (2014) Human aldo-keto reductases and the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Res Toxicol 27:1901-17
Zhang, Li; Huang, Meng; Blair, Ian A et al. (2013) Interception of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione by UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in human lung cells. Chem Res Toxicol 26:1570-8
Huang, Meng; Blair, Ian A; Penning, Trevor M (2013) Identification of stable benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione-DNA adducts in human lung cells. Chem Res Toxicol 26:685-92
Zhang, Li; Jin, Yi; Huang, Meng et al. (2012) The Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases in the Metabolic Activation and Detoxication of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Interconversion of PAH Catechols and PAH o-Quinones. Front Pharmacol 3:193
Huang, Meng; Liu, Xiaojing; Basu, Sankha S et al. (2012) Metabolism and distribution of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (B[a]P-7,8-dione) in human lung cells by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: detection of an adenine B[a]P-7,8-dione adduct. Chem Res Toxicol 25:993-1003
Zhang, Li; Huang, Meng; Blair, Ian A et al. (2012) Detoxication of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione by sulfotransferases (SULTs) in human lung cells. J Biol Chem 287:29909-20
Zhang, Li; Jin, Yi; Chen, Mo et al. (2011) Detoxication of structurally diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) o-quinones by human recombinant catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) via O-methylation of PAH catechols. J Biol Chem 286:25644-54
Shultz, Carol A; Quinn, Amy M; Park, Jong-Heum et al. (2011) Specificity of human aldo-keto reductases, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and carbonyl reductases to redox-cycle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diones and 4-hydroxyequilenin-o-quinone. Chem Res Toxicol 24:2153-66
Wu, Anhui; Duan, Yazhen; Xu, Daiwang et al. (2010) Regiospecific oxidation of polycyclic aromatic phenols to quinones by hypervalent iodine reagents. Tetrahedron 66:2111-2118

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