This renewal application continues to develop experimental, conceptual and computational approaches to understanding epigenetic drivers of cancer progression. A major discovery in the current period was that pancreatic cancer metastasis is driven by large-scale changes in the epigenomic landscape in the absence of metastasis driver mutations. We also developed a powerful computational approach to measuring the epigenomic landscape including deep properties such as entropy that drive pluripotency and the variable gene expression underlying tumor cell heterogeneity. The central question in the current application is the relationship between epigenetic modifiers (typically mutated in cancer) driving malignant changes in the epigenetic landscape, and their target mediator genes on the altered landscape (often unknown) and their relationship to gene expression and phenotypic heterogeneity. We will focus on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because of the direct involvement of epigenetic modifier mutations in disease pathogenesis, the pressing need to identify their mediators, strong evidence of the clinical and prognostic impact of epigenetic heterogeneity in AML, the availability of a richly annotated set of primary patient samples via collaboration with Ravi Majeti (Stanford University), and the ease of experimental manipulation of AML cell lines and primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) for validation.
Our first Aim i s to generate comprehensive genome-wide maps of the epigenetic landscape in AML, encompassing high-dimensional properties such as DNA methylation entropy. We will: perform DNA methylation potential energy landscape analysis of primary AML samples with genetic mutations of epigenetic modifiers that affect DNA methylation or chromatin directly; perform similar landscape analysis of normal early hematopoietic progenitors; measure higher order chromatin structure to integrate DNA methylation, modifiers and mediators; and identify gene networks regulating gene expression and gene expression variability.
Our second Aim i s to perturb the epigenetic landscape to modify gene expression, expression variability and phenotype. We will: genetically engineer HSPCs to perturb epigenetic modifiers; target sites of differential entropic sensitivity on the epigenetic landscape affecting gene expression heterogeneity; validate functional roles for epigenetic mediators of the destabilized epigenetic landscape in AML; and determine the impact of epigenetic therapeutics on DNA methylation entropy in AML and HSPCs. This work will bring to bear powerful new mathematical and laboratory methods to integrate the epigenetic landscape with gene expression mean and variability, in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells, and enable us to understand gene networks, epigenetic instability and phenotypic plasticity in the context of experimental hematology and cancer progression.

Public Health Relevance

Cancer arises from mutations in gene sequences that act mostly through changes in the epigenome, chemical modifications of genes, such as DNA methylation, that control gene function. We will continue to identify epigenetic drivers of progression of devastating cancers, focusing now on acute myeloid leukemia, the most common leukemia in adults. Using new mathematical and experimental methods we have developed in the current grant period, we will show how sequence changes in genes that control the epigenome (modifier genes) modify the epigenomic landscape of their targets (mediators), leading to the dysregulated gene expression and tumor progression responsible for most cancer deaths.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01CA054358-25
Application #
9614581
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Knowlton, John R
Project Start
1991-05-01
Project End
2023-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-15
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
25
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
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McDonald, Oliver G; Li, Xin; Saunders, Tyler et al. (2017) Epigenomic reprogramming during pancreatic cancer progression links anabolic glucose metabolism to distant metastasis. Nat Genet 49:367-376
Jenkinson, Garrett; Pujadas, Elisabet; Goutsias, John et al. (2017) Potential energy landscapes identify the information-theoretic nature of the epigenome. Nat Genet 49:719-729
Feinberg, Andrew P; Koldobskiy, Michael A; Göndör, Anita (2016) Epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in cancer aetiology and progression. Nat Rev Genet 17:284-99
Li, Xin; Liu, Yun; Salz, Tal et al. (2016) Whole-genome analysis of the methylome and hydroxymethylome in normal and malignant lung and liver. Genome Res 26:1730-1741
Jung, Namyoung; Dai, Bo; Gentles, Andrew J et al. (2015) An LSC epigenetic signature is largely mutation independent and implicates the HOXA cluster in AML pathogenesis. Nat Commun 6:8489
Sinha, Subarna; Thomas, Daniel; Yu, Linda et al. (2015) Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML and responds to EZH2 inhibition. Blood 125:316-26
Vandiver, Amy R; Idrizi, Adrian; Rizzardi, Lindsay et al. (2015) DNA methylation is stable during replication and cell cycle arrest. Sci Rep 5:17911
Vandiver, Amy R; Irizarry, Rafael A; Hansen, Kasper D et al. (2015) Age and sun exposure-related widespread genomic blocks of hypomethylation in nonmalignant skin. Genome Biol 16:80
Schlaeger, Thorsten M; Daheron, Laurence; Brickler, Thomas R et al. (2015) A comparison of non-integrating reprogramming methods. Nat Biotechnol 33:58-63

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