Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S with 142,670 deaths expected in 2019, 90% caused by cigarette smoking. Worldwide, there are 1 billion smokers and 1.6 million lung cancer deaths per year. Smokeless tobacco, a cause of oral cavity, esophagus, and pancreas cancer, is another deadly tobacco product. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are among the most important carcinogens in tobacco products, considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be ?carcinogenic to humans.? Here, we extend our research on NNN and NNK by developing new urinary biomarkers from interactions of their metabolites with amino acids and DNA. We also propose unique new methodology which can determine which oral cell DNA adducts ? in addition to those derived from tobacco-specific nitrosamines ? result from exposure to compounds in cigarette smoke. This will be accomplished using high resolution DNA adductomics techniques to identify DNA adducts in oral cells of people who have smoked cigarettes containing [13C]-labelled tobacco. We will use our biomarker and DNA adduct data to analyze oral cell DNA, lung DNA, and urine samples in our Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Nodule Biorepository, with the goal of using readily obtainable samples (e.g. oral cells or urine) to predict DNA adduct levels in smokers' lungs.
The specific aims are: 1. Develop human urinary biomarkers of NNN exposure based on interactions of its metabolites with amino acids. These will be the first metabolite biomarkers specific to exposure to this powerful oral cavity carcinogen. 2. Develop an analytical method for quantitation of 7-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxybutyl]guanine (7-PHB-G) as a human urinary DNA/RNA adduct biomarker of tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposure plus metabolic activation. 7-PHB-G will be the first urinary biomarker of specific DNA adduct formation by NNN and NNK. 3. Prepare cigarettes from specially grown fully [13C]-labelled tobacco and use high resolution mass spectrometry-based DNA adductomics techniques to specifically identify which oral cell DNA adducts originate from tobacco in people who smoke these cigarettes.
This aim promises to resolve longstanding uncertainty about which DNA adducts result from cigarette smoke exposure. 4. Compare tobacco-specific and tobacco-related DNA adduct formation in lung tissue and oral cells from cigarette smokers, and relate to urinary biomarkers of tobacco exposure.
These specific aims can result in new biomarkers of tobacco-related exposures and cancer risk and ultimately test our overall hypothesis that biomarkers, combined with certain genetic information, can identify those tobacco users at highest risk for cancer, so that effective preventive measures can be initiated. The biomarkers developed in this program also have potential application in tobacco product evaluation and regulation.

Public Health Relevance

Tobacco products are major causes of lung cancer and oral cavity cancer, which together will kill more than 140,000 people in the U.S. in 2019. The goals of this project are to quantify metabolites and DNA damage originating from specific carcinogens in tobacco products, and use this information to identify people who may be particularly susceptible to their carcinogenic effects so that intensive cancer prevention efforts can be initiated.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA081301-22
Application #
10054961
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Johnson, Ronald L
Project Start
1999-04-01
Project End
2024-11-30
Budget Start
2020-12-01
Budget End
2021-11-30
Support Year
22
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Upadhyaya, Pramod; Zarth, Adam T; Fujioka, Naomi et al. (2018) Identification and analysis of a mercapturic acid conjugate of indole-3-methyl isothiocyanate in the urine of humans who consumed cruciferous vegetables. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1072:341-346
Ma, Bin; Zarth, Adam T; Carlson, Erik S et al. (2018) Identification of more than 100 structurally unique DNA-phosphate adducts formed during rat lung carcinogenesis by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Carcinogenesis 39:232-241
Carlson, Erik S; Upadhyaya, Pramod; Villalta, Peter W et al. (2018) Analysis and Identification of 2'-Deoxyadenosine-Derived Adducts in Lung and Liver DNA of F-344 Rats Treated with the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-p Chem Res Toxicol 31:358-370
Kovi, Ramesh C; Johnson, Charles S; Balbo, Silvia et al. (2018) Metastasis to the F344 Rat Pancreas from Lung Cancer Induced by 4-(Methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of Its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanol, Constituents of Tobacco Products. Toxicol Pathol 46:184-192
Ma, Bin; Zarth, Adam T; Carlson, Erik S et al. (2018) Methyl DNA Phosphate Adduct Formation in Rats Treated Chronically with 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of Its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Chem Res Toxicol 31:48-57
Ma, Bin; Zarth, Adam T; Carlson, Erik S et al. (2017) Pyridylhydroxybutyl and pyridyloxobutyl DNA phosphate adduct formation in rats treated chronically with enantiomers of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Mutagenesis 32:561-570
Michel, Anna K; Zarth, Adam T; Upadhyaya, Pramod et al. (2017) Identification of 4-(3-Pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl-2'-deoxycytidine Adducts Formed in the Reaction of DNA with 4-(Acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: A Chemically Activated Form of Tobacco-Specific Carcinogens. ACS Omega 2:1180-1190
Yang, Jing; Carmella, Steven G; Hecht, Stephen S (2017) Analysis of N'-nitrosonornicotine enantiomers in human urine by chiral stationary phase liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1044-1045:127-131
Carlson, Erik S; Upadhyaya, Pramod; Hecht, Stephen S (2017) A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s. J Vis Exp :
Hecht, Stephen S (2017) Oral Cell DNA Adducts as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Cigarette Smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 30:367-375

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