Tobacco smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths annually in the United States. Nicotine is the major addictive agent in tobacco, the key ingredient that maintains smoking behavior. Individual differences in nicotine metabolism affect smoking behavior and potentially nicotine addiction. Nicotine is primarily metabolized by 5'-oxidation. P450 2A6 is the major hepatic catalyst of this reaction, and we recently reported that P450 2A13, a lung P450, is also a good catalyst. An unexpected and exciting outcome of these studies was that nicotine was a mechanism-based (suicide) inhibitor of P450 2A6 and P450 2A13. Determining the mechanism of this inhibition is the primary goal of this grant. However, to begin to investigate the impact of nicotine-mediated inactivation on whole tissue metabolism, we will study P450 2A3 inactivation in the perfused rat lung. P450 2A3 (89% identical to P450 2A13) is an excellent catalyst of nicotine metabolism. Our hypothesis is that inactivation of P450 2A6, P450 2A13 and P450 2A3 occurs through a common mechanism and that any differences in inactivation are due to differences in the specificity and catalytic efficiency of these enzymes. Nicotine 5'-oxidation, as well as minor pathways of 2'- and methyl oxidation, generates reactive iminium ions, all possible inactivating molecules. However, preliminary data support a metabolite of the ?5'(1') iminium ion, as the inactivating species. This grant will investigate what pathway of nicotine metabolism is responsible for enzyme inactivation and how P450 2A3 inactivation affects the metabolic capacity of the rat lung.
The Specific aims are: 1. To characterize the secondary products of nicotine metabolism and determine their role in inactivation. 2. To determine if modification of the heme and/or apoprotein occurs during nicotine-mediated inactivation of P450 2A enzymes, both Mass Spectrometry and NMR analyses will be carried out. 3. To establish the rat lung as a model system in which to investigate potential in vivo effects of nicotine-mediated P450 2A inactivation. The characterization of nicotine-mediated inactivation of P450 2A6 and 2A13 is critical to an accurate and complete understanding of nicotine metabolism in smokers. In addition, identifying the mechanism by which this occurs will aid in the design of nicotine analogs as enzyme inhibitors and potential medications for treatment of nicotine addiction. Also of key importance, is that the inactivation of P450 2A enzymes will impact the metabolism of the tobacco specific carcinogens, NNK and NNN.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA084529-08
Application #
7758786
Study Section
Xenobiotic and Nutrient Disposition and Action Study Section (XNDA)
Program Officer
Johnson, Ronald L
Project Start
1999-12-01
Project End
2012-01-31
Budget Start
2010-02-01
Budget End
2011-01-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$172,833
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Bloom, A Joseph; von Weymarn, Linda B; Martinez, Maribel et al. (2013) The contribution of common UGT2B10 and CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine glucuronidation among European Americans. Pharmacogenet Genomics 23:706-16
Bloom, A Joseph; Murphy, Sharon E; Martinez, Maribel et al. (2013) Effects upon in-vivo nicotine metabolism reveal functional variation in FMO3 associated with cigarette consumption. Pharmacogenet Genomics 23:62-8
von Weymarn, Linda B; Retzlaff, Cassandra; Murphy, Sharon E (2012) CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine ?5'(1')iminium ion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 343:307-15
Kramlinger, Valerie M; von Weymarn, Linda B; Murphy, Sharon E (2012) Inhibition and inactivation of cytochrome P450 2A6 and cytochrome P450 2A13 by menthofuran, ?-nicotyrine and menthol. Chem Biol Interact 197:87-92
Murphy, Sharon E; von Weymarn, Linda B; Schutten, Melissa M et al. (2011) Chronic nicotine consumption does not influence 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4:1752-60
Schlicht, Kari E; Berg, Jeannette Zinggeler; Murphy, Sharon E (2009) Effect of CYP2A13 active site mutation N297A on metabolism of coumarin and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Drug Metab Dispos 37:665-71
Zhang, Xiuling; D'Agostino, Jaime; Wu, Hong et al. (2007) CYP2A13: variable expression and role in human lung microsomal metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323:570-8
von Weymarn, Linda B; Brown, Kathryn M; Murphy, Sharon E (2006) Inactivation of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 during nicotine metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 316:295-303
Murphy, Sharon E; Raulinaitis, Vytautas; Brown, Kathryn M (2005) Nicotine 5'-oxidation and methyl oxidation by P450 2A enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 33:1166-73
Brown, Kathryn M; von Weymarn, Linda B; Murphy, Sharon E (2005) Identification of N-(hydroxymethyl) norcotinine as a major product of cytochrome P450 2A6, but not cytochrome P450 2A13-catalyzed cotinine metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 18:1792-8

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