Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine (MeC)) regulates gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. These methylation marks are introduced by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which catalyze de novo methylation of CpG sites and maintain DNA methylation patterns to allow for activation and silencing of specific genes. Ten eleven translocation proteins (Tet) catalyze ?-ketoglutarate-dependent oxidation of MeC to 5-hydroxymethyl- cytosine (hmC), 5-formylcytosine (fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC). These oxidized forms of MeC serve as demethylation intermediates, leading to gene reactivation. Furthermore, studies in the brain and embryonic stem cells have shown that hmC, fC, and caC can be recognized by specific protein readers and may have epigenetic functions of their own. Cytosine methylation patterns are stable in normal somatic tissues, but are significantly altered in many diseases including cancer, asthma, and autism. Specifically, scrambled DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in cancer leads to silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of protooncogenes. We have shown that chronic inflammation and exposure to tobacco nitrosamines induces early epigenetic changes in the A/J model of lung cancer. These alterations are detectable long before the formation of tumors and include changes in cytosine methylation, hydroxymethylation, formylation, and histone acetylation. However, the functional outcomes of these epigenetic changes remain to be determined. This research plan focuses on investigating the functions of MeC, hmC, fC, and caC in the lung, characterizing epigenetic changes associated with smoking and inflammation, and elucidating the epigenetic functions of Tet proteins in the lung. Taken together, these studies will contribute to our understanding of normal epigenetic mechanisms in the lung and their response to smoking and inflammation.

Public Health Relevance

This application will investigate the effects of cigarette smoke and smoking-associated inflammation on the dynamics of DNA methylation and demethylation in the lung and elucidate the mechanisms by which gene expression patterns can be affected in smokers and individuals exposed to second hand smoke. These studies will improve our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of lung cancer and help the development of new prevention and treatment strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA095039-12
Application #
9831133
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Johnson, Ronald L
Project Start
2002-12-01
Project End
2022-12-31
Budget Start
2020-01-01
Budget End
2020-12-31
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
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Kotandeniya, D; Seiler, C L; Fernandez, J et al. (2018) Can 5-methylcytosine analogues with extended alkyl side chains guide DNA methylation? Chem Commun (Camb) 54:1061-1064
Ji, Shaofei; Shao, Hongzhao; Han, Qiyuan et al. (2017) Reversible DNA-Protein Cross-Linking at Epigenetic DNA Marks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56:14130-14134
Pujari, Suresh S; Tretyakova, Natalia (2017) Chemical Biology of N5-Substituted Formamidopyrimidine DNA Adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 30:434-452
Wickramaratne, Susith; Seiler, Christopher L; Tretyakova, Natalia Y (2015) Synthesis of DNA Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing Site-Specific 1,3-Butadiene-Deoxyadenosine Lesions. Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem 61:4.61.1-22
Ming, Xun; Matter, Brock; Song, Matthew et al. (2014) Mapping structurally defined guanine oxidation products along DNA duplexes: influence of local sequence context and endogenous cytosine methylation. J Am Chem Soc 136:4223-35
Kotandeniya, Delshanee; Murphy, Daniel; Yan, Shuo et al. (2013) Kinetics of O(6)-pyridyloxobutyl-2'-deoxyguanosine repair by human O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase. Biochemistry 52:4075-88
Tretyakova, Natalia; Villalta, Peter W; Kotapati, Srikanth (2013) Mass spectrometry of structurally modified DNA. Chem Rev 113:2395-436
Kim, Min Young; Lim, Chang Hoon; Trudel, Laura J et al. (2012) Delivery method, target gene structure, and growth properties of target cells impact mutagenic responses to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Chem Res Toxicol 25:873-83
Tretyakova, Natalia; Goggin, Melissa; Sangaraju, Dewakar et al. (2012) Quantitation of DNA adducts by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 25:2007-35

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