Glioblastoma is a major cause of cancer related death in the United States, with approximately 17,000 new cases of brain cancer diagnosed annually. Unfortunately, therapy remains inadequate and the mortality rate is high. Limited success in the treatment of glioblastoma has been demonstrated with the alkylating agent Temozolomide (TMZ). However, as with many alkylating agents, drug resistance has limited its efficacy. The base excision repair (BER) pathway provides significant resistance to TMZ by repairing greater than 80% of the TMZ-induced base lesions. As such, it is reasonable to expect that BER provides a significant level of resistance to TMZ and therefore enhanced TMZ efficacy may be obtained by blocking or interrupting repair and thereby promoting BER failure. The overall goals of this project are to utilize strategies to circumvent resistance to TMZ to enhance the cytotoxicity and potentially the efficacy of this alkylating agent. As the rate-limiting enzyme in BER, DNA polymerase ss (Polss) is important to facilitate repair and to maintain cell survival following DNA damage. Therefore, inhibition of Polss will enhance TMZ response. Specifically, we wil characterize a novel regulatory mechanism of Polss (lysine di-methylation) that can be exploited to inhibit Polss and enhance alkylating agent-induced cell death by enhancing the accumulation of cytotoxic BER intermediates (Aim 1). We posit that Polss inhibition or BER failure signals via poly(ADP)ribose (PAR) synthesis and NAD+/ATP depletion by a process that requires activation of PARP1 &PARP2 and is regulated by the enzyme PARG. We find that BER failure- induced cell death results from energy (NAD+ &ATP) depletion due to elevated PAR synthesis mediated by the PARP1/PARP2 BER sensor complex, suggesting that the response to TMZ can be enhanced via increased PAR synthesis or depletion of cellular NAD+ synthesis (Aim 2) and/or deregulation of the BER enzyme PARG (Aim 3). Overall, we will test the hypothesis that the BER pathway is a determinant of resistance to TMZ and therefore selectively targeting the BER pathway will significantly enhance TMZ efficacy. In each of our three specific aims, our goals are to identify and functionally characterize key elements of the BER pathway that control cellular responses to alkylating agents with the goal of increasing TMZ-induced cytotoxicity in cells from glioma tumors. Relevance: The proposed studies will provide new biomarkers of response to alkylation-induced DNA damage and cell death and provide insight into mechanisms that can be exploited to enhance response. Insights gained from these studies have the potential to identify novel targets for adjuvant therapies including BER inhibitors and NAD+ biosynthesis modulators that can be combined with alkylators to improve anticancer drug efficacy.

Public Health Relevance

Project Narrative Glioblastoma is a major cause of cancer related death in the United States, with approximately 17,000 new cases of brain cancer diagnosed annually. Unfortunately, therapy remains inadequate and the mortality rate is high. Limited success in the treatment of glioblastoma has been demonstrated with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). However, as with many alkylating agents, drug resistance from active DNA repair pathways limits its efficacy. Overall, we will test the hypothesis that the base excision repair (BER) pathway is a determinant of resistance to TMZ and therefore selectively targeting critical BER pathway proteins will significantly enhance TMZ efficacy. The proposed studies will provide new biomarkers of response to temozolomide-induced DNA damage and cell death and provide insight into mechanisms that can be exploited to enhance response and to identify novel targets for adjuvant therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA148629-03
Application #
8271313
Study Section
Basic Mechanisms of Cancer Therapeutics Study Section (BMCT)
Program Officer
Alley, Michael C
Project Start
2010-07-02
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2012-06-01
Budget End
2013-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$291,627
Indirect Cost
$90,352
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Sykora, Peter; Chiari, Ylenia; Heaton, Andrew et al. (2018) Application of the CometChip platform to assess DNA damage in field-collected blood samples from turtles. Environ Mol Mutagen 59:322-333
Sykora, Peter; Witt, Kristine L; Revanna, Pooja et al. (2018) Next generation high throughput DNA damage detection platform for genotoxic compound screening. Sci Rep 8:2771
Li, Jianfeng; Svilar, David; McClellan, Steven et al. (2018) DNA Repair Molecular Beacon assay: a platform for real-time functional analysis of cellular DNA repair capacity. Oncotarget 9:31719-31743
Soll, Jennifer M; Sobol, Robert W; Mosammaparast, Nima (2017) Regulation of DNA Alkylation Damage Repair: Lessons and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 42:206-218
Simonelli, Valeria; Leuzzi, Giuseppe; Basile, Giorgia et al. (2017) Crosstalk between mismatch repair and base excision repair in human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 8:84827-84840
Bigarella, Carolina L; Li, Jianfeng; Rimmelé, Pauline et al. (2017) FOXO3 Transcription Factor Is Essential for Protecting Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Oxidative DNA Damage. J Biol Chem 292:3005-3015
Nagel, Zachary D; Engelward, Bevin P; Brenner, David J et al. (2017) Towards precision prevention: Technologies for identifying healthy individuals with high risk of disease. Mutat Res 800-802:14-28
Ding, Lu; Dean-Ben, Xose Luis; Burton, Neal C et al. (2017) Constrained Inversion and Spectral Unmixing in Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 36:1676-1685
Sawant, Akshada; Floyd, Ashley M; Dangeti, Mohan et al. (2017) Differential role of base excision repair proteins in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 51:46-59
Braganza, Andrea; Li, Jianfeng; Zeng, Xuemei et al. (2017) UBE3B Is a Calmodulin-regulated, Mitochondrion-associated E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. J Biol Chem 292:2470-2484

Showing the most recent 10 out of 56 publications