We will expand an existing, patient-centered, health literacy strategy to promote longer-term adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in resource-limited, rural health clinics via colonoscopy or annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Guided by recently completed trials, we will leverage consumer technologies that are now available in rural areas and implement a multifaceted approach - designed for scale in resource-limited federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). While significant gains have been made to improve CRC screening, compliance with those guidelines is sub-optimal and disparities remain. In particular, adults who receive care at rural FQHCs that have limited resources struggle to initiate and maintain annual CRC screening via the most common method, FIT. Over the past decade, our team has studied the effectiveness of specific interventions to enhance initial and repeat CRC screening completion among lower income, lower health literate, racial/ethnically diverse adults in rural FQHC settings. The majority of patients will complete the initial test (67% - 69%), yet fewer (32% - 40%) complete an annual test in years 2 and 3. This indicates a ?stepped care? approach is needed to promote long-term CRC screening. Our rural health literacy interventions have until now been limited to the FIT due to restrictions of state Medicaid coverage and clinical bandwidth of colonoscopy services available to rural FQHCs. Changes to Medicaid have now expanded the availability of colonoscopy. We now propose a novel intervention guided by evidence learned from our previous studies and recent literature - the Patient-centered Reminders to Inform, Motivate, and Engage-CRC Screening (PRIME-CRC).In our proposed 2-arm, randomized control trial (N=1200), both PRIME-CRC and enhanced usual care arms will receive our health literacy evidence-based practices for delivering CRC patient information and counseling to aid patient decision making for selecting FIT or colonoscopy and simplified test instructions. PRIME-CRC will additionally have a stepped care? approach for reminding patients on proper CRC screening preparation for scheduled colonoscopy or completion of annual FIT. Patients in the PRIME-CRC arm will have frequent follow-up with tailored contact via automated call or SMS text (based on patient preference) from their healthcare provider (audio recorded or personalized text) .The primary outcome will be completion of either colonoscopy or annual FIT over 3 years.
Our specific aims are to: Test the effectiveness of the PRIME-CRC intervention to improve CRC screening completion rates in rural FQHCs compared to enhanced usual care. Investigate whether the intervention can reduce CRC screening disparities by patient health literacy, race or sex. Determine the fidelity, or reliability of PRIME-CRC components, and explore patient, provider, and healthcare system barriers to implementation. Evaluate the cost associated with the intervention from a FQHC perspective. This study extends our team?s longstanding collaboration on health literacy, health disparities, rural health and cancer screening.
Despite significant gains in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening promotion, disparities persist among low-income individuals, those with fewer years of education, racial/ethnic minorities, and rural populations. Residents of rural areas suffer significant health inequities and encounter barriers to CRC screening which are often overlooked in healthcare research. This project seeks to address these disparities with a health literacy, shared decision making strategy coupled with tailored ?stepped care? automated telephone outreach (recorded by the patient?s primary care provider) that promotes long-term adherence to CRC screening in resource-limited, rural health centers via colonoscopy or annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT).
