Tobacco smoking is considered a major public health challenge, responsible for more than 400,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. To reduce the risk of health damage caused by tobacco smoke (TS) the tobacco industry is marketing and advertising a line of """"""""reduced-exposure"""""""" tobacco products (such as """"""""Advance"""""""" manufactured by Brown &Williamson Tobacco Corporation, """"""""Omni"""""""" and Quest 3 manufactured by Vector Group Ltd), which claim to be less harmful than the leading """"""""light"""""""" cigarette brands. However, the scientific evidence provided is insufficient to evaluate whether these products actually reduce the users'risk for tobacco-related diseases including those associated to vascular impairments. Despite the strong evidence for an association between tobacco smoke and vascular impairment, the impact of TS exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been only marginally addressed and studies were limited to only few selective substances among the thousands contained in TS thus, leaving BBB research a substantial understudied area. To address these relevant health public concerns we propose a multimodal approach that involve the parallel use of 1) a novel humanized dynamic in vitro BBB model;2) freshly isolated peripheral blood immune cells (PBMC) and platelets from smoker and non-smoker volunteers;3) 3 vessel occlusion rat models of focal ischemia that will be used to complement the results in vitro and assess the likelihood and magnitude of secondary brain injury (brain edema) caused by TS exposure (from regular and """"""""reduced-exposure"""""""") in synergism with temporary loss of blood flow. Based on these premises we propose to: 1. Evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke from reduced-exposure and regular tobacco products on BBB integrity and function and assess the immunoactivity of each tobacco product. 2. Investigate the effect of TS exposure on BBB function and viability in synergism with rheological changes and how this may impact the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury.

Public Health Relevance

Active and passive tobacco smoking are associated with dysfunction of vascular endothelial physiology in a causative and dose dependent way. Despite the strong evidence for an association between tobacco smoke and vascular impairment, the impact of TS exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been only marginally addressed and studies were limited to only few selective substances among the thousands contained in TS thus, leaving BBB research a substantial understudied area. To address these critical issues, we propose to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke from reduced-exposure and regular tobacco products on BBB integrity and function. We also propose to investigate the effect of TS exposure on BBB function and viability in synergism with rheological changes and how this may impact the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury. This proposal is in response to the PA-09-046. This program announcement specifically asks to explore the differential toxicity of various tobacco and nicotine products. In this respect, we believe that our study will produce a remarkable impact on the awareness of tobacco smoke toxicity in an under considered health area and will provide the foundations for additional studies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DA029121-01A1
Application #
8039874
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BDCN-T (02))
Program Officer
Purohit, Vishnudutt
Project Start
2011-03-01
Project End
2011-06-30
Budget Start
2011-03-01
Budget End
2011-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$81,530
Indirect Cost
Name
Cleveland Clinic Lerner
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
135781701
City
Cleveland
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
44195
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