Rationale: Identifying ways to increase physical activity (PA) is paramount to controlling the epidemic of obesity and its co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes. For unknown reasons, post-obese women and black women appear to be especially prone to weight gain. Data from our current RO1 study suggest that inherent variations in resting energy expenditure and fuel utilization do not distinguish obesity-prone from obesity-resistant women or predict weight gain. By contrast, being of black race and having reduced strength, lower free-living PA, and lower total daily energy expenditure are strongly predictive of future weight gain. Objective: To extend our current studies in order to examine the effectiveness of exercise training to improve free-living PA and, in turn, energy balance and weight control. Specifically, we hypothesize that resistance exercise training will be more effective than aerobic and no exercise training in 1) increasing the physiologic ease of, and spontaneous engagement in physical activities of daily living, and 2) increasing total daily energy expenditure and weight-loss maintenance of obese black and white women. Design & Methods: Obese premenopausal black and white women will be randomized to either diet-only, diet+aerobic or diet+resistance exercise training groups. Diet/behavior intervention, with or without the aerobic or resistance exercise training, will be provided throughout the 18 months of study. Testing will be done in the obese state, 6 months later in the normal-weight post-obese state, and after 1 year of weight-loss maintenance. All testing will be under tightly controlled General Clinical Research Center conditions following 4 weeks of diet-controlled energy balance. Changes in body composition will be assessed by the 4-compartment model, and insulin resistance by the insulin modified, frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Major outcomes will include measures of perceived and physiologic difficulty of exercise (cardiac, ventilatory, electromyographic responses to standardized exercise tasks); aerobic fitness; strength fitness (isometric tests); and spontaneous free-living PA, activity-related energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, and total daily free-living energy expenditure (all derived from doubly labeled water). Significance: The results will provide insight into the effectiveness of, and the mechanisms by which, different types of exercise training can improve physical fitness, spontaneous engagement in physical activities of daily living and, in turn, weight-loss maintenance, especially in obesity-prone black women.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK049779-09
Application #
6683217
Study Section
Nutrition Study Section (NTN)
Program Officer
Miles, Carolyn
Project Start
1995-05-01
Project End
2005-11-30
Budget Start
2003-12-01
Budget End
2004-11-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$567,859
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Nutrition
Type
Schools of Allied Health Profes
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Hunter, Gary R; Bryan, David R; Borges, Juliano H et al. (2018) Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:1255-1260
Hunter, Gary R; Plaisance, Eric P; Carter, Stephen J et al. (2018) Why intensity is not a bad word: Optimizing health status at any age. Clin Nutr 37:56-60
Hunter, Gary R; Fisher, Gordon; Bryan, David R et al. (2018) Divergent Blood Pressure Response After High-Intensity Interval Exercise: A Signal of Delayed Recovery? J Strength Cond Res 32:3004-3010
Borges, Juliano H; Carter, Stephen J; Singh, Harshvardhan et al. (2018) Inverse relationship between changes of maximal aerobic capacity and changes in walking economy after weight loss. Eur J Appl Physiol :
Warren, Jonathan L; Gower, Barbara A; Hunter, Gary R et al. (2017) Associations of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation with Body Fat in Premenopausal Women. J Nutr Metab 2017:7832057
Ingram, K H; Hunter, G R; James, J F et al. (2017) Central fat accretion and insulin sensitivity: differential relationships in parous and nulliparous women. Int J Obes (Lond) 41:1214-1217
Carter, Stephen J; Goldsby, TaShauna U; Fisher, Gordon et al. (2016) Systolic blood pressure response after high-intensity interval exercise is independently related to decreased small arterial elasticity in normotensive African American women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:484-90
Sweatt, S Katherine; Roy, Jane; Chandler-Laney, Paula et al. (2016) Ethnic differences in the consistency and accuracy of perceived exertion. Am J Hum Biol 28:398-404
Carter, Stephen J; Hunter, Gary R; McAuley, Edward et al. (2016) Lower rate-pressure product during submaximal walking: a link to fatigue improvement following a physical activity intervention among breast cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 10:927-34
Cardel, Michelle; Lemas, Dominick J; Jackson, Kristina Harris et al. (2015) Higher Intake of PUFAs Is Associated with Lower Total and Visceral Adiposity and Higher Lean Mass in a Racially Diverse Sample of Children. J Nutr 145:2146-52

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