Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced in the colonic lumen by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs serve a key role as the metabolic fuel for the colonocytes and are important for the integrity of colonic epithelium. A major consequence of reduction in intracellular SCFA oxidation results in metabolic starvation and mucosal atrophy. In fact, local starving of the colon plays a critical role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. This warrants the need for a better understanding of the regulation of their absorption. Over the last 15 years our group has been involved in understanding the membrane and molecular basis of SCFA absorption in the human intestine. Studies during the previous funding cycles have demonstrated critical role of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in SCFA absorption and has defined the mechanisms of its regulation. Our extensive preliminary studies, in the current application, showed a role of a novel nutrient- sensing mechanism involving GPR109a (a G-protein coupled SCFA receptor in human colonocyte apical membranes) and leading to translocation of MCT1 to the apical membrane domains in response to high levels of luminal SCFAs. Our preliminary data utilizing polarized C2BBE cells showed that acute treatment with butyrate (10 mM, 60-120 min) increased MCT1 function and association with CD147 (the ancillary chaperon protein), enhanced apical surface MCT1 level, and decreased intracellular cAMP levels. Further, MCT1 function was reduced by cAMP agonists forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP and enhanced by nicotinic acid (a GPR109A agonist). Ex vivo studies in normal and soluble fiber pectin fed rats also showed evidence for nutrient sensing. In fiber fed rats, the MCT1 expression was increased along with a marked increase in its translocation to the apical membranes. Therefore, we propose a novel hypothesis that the activation of GPR109A by high levels of luminal SCFAs represents a nutrient-sensing mechanism that increases the level of MCT1 on the apical membranes and involves distinct signaling and trafficking pathways. We will test this hypothesis by systematic set of approaches utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models and state-of- the-art imaging and advanced molecular biology techniques. Studies proposed in Specific Aim 1 will investigate the mechanisms of acute regulation of MCT1 by SCFAs in model human intestinal C2BBE and rat intestinal IEC-6 cell monolayers;
Specific Aim 2 will focus on elucidating mechanisms of substrate-induced trafficking of MCT1 in polarized C2BBE/ IEC-6 cells; and studies in Specific Aim 3 will examine the effects of short-term as well as long-term SCFAs on MCT1 function and membrane targeting mechanisms in in vivo rat models. These studies should enhance our understanding of cellular pathways upregulating MCT1 function in response to substrates and provide the basis for its variable membrane localization. In addition, given that MCT1 is down-regulated in inflammation, defining the molecular mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of MCT1 as proposed here could identify novel targets for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Public Health Relevance

Fiber in our diet is broken down into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by normal bacteria in the large intestine (colon). These short chain fatty acids serve as important nutrients for maintaining the health of the colonic wall. Deficiency of these nutrients has been shown to result in local starvation of the colonic wall and contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. The studies proposed in this application will test a novel hypothesis that SCFAs can regulate the targeting of the SCFA transporter Mono Carboxylate Transporter-1 via distinct trafficking mechanisms. These studies may identify novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK054016-17
Application #
8898767
Study Section
Clinical, Integrative and Molecular Gastroenterology Study Section (CIMG)
Program Officer
Perrin, Peter J
Project Start
1998-06-01
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2015-09-01
Budget End
2016-08-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
098987217
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
Kumar, Anoop; Chatterjee, Ishita; Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N et al. (2018) Cryptosporidium parvum disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier function via altering expression of key tight junction and adherens junction proteins. Cell Microbiol 20:e12830
Priyadarshini, Medha; Kotlo, Kumar U; Dudeja, Pradeep K et al. (2018) Role of Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptors in Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 8:1091-1115
Zhang, Yong-Guo; Singhal, Megha; Lin, Zhijie et al. (2018) Infection with enteric pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and Citrobacter rodentium modulate TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathways in the intestine. Gut Microbes 9:326-337
Anabazhagan, Arivarasu N; Chatterjee, Ishita; Priyamvada, Shubha et al. (2017) Methods to Study Epithelial Transport Protein Function and Expression in Native Intestine and Caco-2 Cells Grown in 3D. J Vis Exp :
Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N; Thaqi, Mentor; Priyamvada, Shubha et al. (2017) GLP-1 nanomedicine alleviates gut inflammation. Nanomedicine 13:659-665
Jayawardena, Dulari; Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N; Guzman, Grace et al. (2017) Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Nanomedicine for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Pharm 14:3698-3708
Jayawardena, Dulari; Guzman, Grace; Gill, Ravinder K et al. (2017) Expression and localization of VPAC1, the major receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length of the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 313:G16-G25
Kumar, Anoop; Chatterjee, Ishita; Gujral, Tarunmeet et al. (2017) Activation of Nuclear Factor-?B by Tumor Necrosis Factor in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Mouse Intestinal Epithelia Reduces Expression of the Chloride Transporter SLC26A3. Gastroenterology 153:1338-1350.e3
Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N; Priyamvada, Shubha; Gujral, Tarunmeet et al. (2016) A novel anti-inflammatory role of GPR120 in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 310:C612-21
Priyamvada, Shubha; Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N; Kumar, Anoop et al. (2016) Lactobacillus acidophilus stimulates intestinal P-glycoprotein expression via a c-Fos/c-Jun-dependent mechanism in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 310:G599-608

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