This grant is based on several central postulates: (1) diet and nutritional status are among the most important, modifiable determinants of global human health;(2) the nutritional value of food is not an absolute entity, but rather a relative term influenced in part by a person's gut microbiota and microbiome;(3) there is a dynamic interrelationship between diet and the structure and operations of our gut microbiota/microbiomes;(4) the gut microbiota and its microbiome should be considered as factors in our energy balance equation and thus interpersonal variations in the structure and operations of this community may affect risk for development of obesity (or malnutrition);(5) the gut microbiota, and the host genes it manipulates to modulate nutrient processing/energy balance are attractive targets for treatment or prevention of obesity, and for a more informed, more personalized era of human nutrition. DK70977 has 2 specific aims.
Aim 1 - Use a randomized factorial diet oscillation study design, elaborated based on successive rounds of data modeling, where diets with systematically altered carbohydrate, protein and fat content are sequentially presented, in varied order, to individual gnotobiotic mice harboring a defined consortia of sequenced human gut microbes, with and without hydrogen-consuming methanogens, acetogens and sulfate reducing bacteria, and the effects on microbial community composition, gene expression, and metabolism are determined using a variety of methods centered around the massively parallel Illumina GA-II DNA sequencer [multiplex shotgun sequencing of random genomic fragments generated from fecal DNA to quantify community membership;sequencing of cDNA, generated from rRNA-depleted community RNA preparations (microbial RNASeq)], and RNASeq-informed metabolite quantification.
Aim 2 - Use animals from Aim 1 to study the impact of diet, and the representation and metabolic activities of hydrogen consumers, on energy extraction from food, host energy balance (using serial physiological profiling methods within gnotobiotic isolators), and intestinal expression of G-protein coupled receptors plus genes affected by products emanating from sulfate reducing bacteria. The proposed proof-of-principle/proof-of-mechanism experiments should help efforts to develop new ways for assessing nutritional status, for making nutritional recommendations, and for determining whether targeted manipulation of the representation or metabolic activities of hydrogen-consuming gut microbes would provide a safe and effective means for controlling energy and nutrient flux from diet to host.
Diet and nutritional status are among the most important, modifiable determinants of global human health. The nutritional value of food is not an absolute entity, but rather is influenced in part by the collection of microbes present in our intestines. This grant uses methods based on a revolutionary new field of microbiology, known as metagenomics, plus mice colonized with members of the human gut microbial community, to determine whether components of this community known as hydrogen consumers play a key role in shaping how our gut functions to extract nutrients and energy from the food we eat. The proposed experiments should help develop new ways for assessing our nutritional status, for making nutritional recommendations, and for determining whether deliberate manipulation of the representation or metabolic activities of these hydrogen-consuming gut microbes will provide a safe and effective way for treating and preventing obesity.
| Mark Welch, Jessica L; Hasegawa, Yuko; McNulty, Nathan P et al. (2017) Spatial organization of a model 15-member human gut microbiota established in gnotobiotic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E9105-E9114 |
| Green, Jonathan M; Barratt, Michael J; Kinch, Michael et al. (2017) Food and microbiota in the FDA regulatory framework. Science 357:39-40 |
| Barratt, Michael J; Lebrilla, Carlito; Shapiro, Howard-Yana et al. (2017) The Gut Microbiota, Food Science, and Human Nutrition: A Timely Marriage. Cell Host Microbe 22:134-141 |
| Griffin, Nicholas W; Ahern, Philip P; Cheng, Jiye et al. (2017) Prior Dietary Practices and Connections to a Human Gut Microbial Metacommunity Alter Responses to Diet Interventions. Cell Host Microbe 21:84-96 |
| Charbonneau, Mark R; O'Donnell, David; Blanton, Laura V et al. (2016) Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides Promote Microbiota-Dependent Growth in Models of Infant Undernutrition. Cell 164:859-71 |
| Semenkovich, Nicholas P; Planer, Joseph D; Ahern, Philip P et al. (2016) Impact of the gut microbiota on enhancer accessibility in gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:14805-14810 |
| Wu, Meng; McNulty, Nathan P; Rodionov, Dmitry A et al. (2015) Genetic determinants of in vivo fitness and diet responsiveness in multiple human gut Bacteroides. Science 350:aac5992 |
| Rosenbaum, Michael; Knight, Rob; Leibel, Rudolph L (2015) The gut microbiota in human energy homeostasis and obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 26:493-501 |
| Subramanian, Sathish; Blanton, Laura V; Frese, Steven A et al. (2015) Cultivating healthy growth and nutrition through the gut microbiota. Cell 161:36-48 |
| Faith, Jeremiah J; Colombel, Jean-Frédéric; Gordon, Jeffrey I (2015) Identifying strains that contribute to complex diseases through the study of microbial inheritance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:633-40 |
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