: Visual cortex in primates includes dozens of distinct areas arranged in a mosaic that occupies much of the cerebral cortex. This proposal will use physiological and anatomical methods to study form processing in the macaque monkey. In addition, anatomical and computerized brain mapping methods will be used to analyze and compare the arrangement of visual areas in humans and macaques. Experiments on form vision will involve recordings from neurons in visual areas V2 and V4 of the macaque. One project will analyze the spatial organization of classical receptive fields and nonclassical receptive field surrounds in area V2. The objective is to reveal neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the selectivity for textures and complex shapes that are encountered in many V2 neurons. A second project will determine whether surface features and object boundaries are analyzed by different neuronal populations in area V2 and whether neurons in V2 are directly implicated in specific aspects of form perception. A third project will study the representation of three-dimensional shapes in area V4. Neural responses to simulated bumps, indentations, and flat surfaces will be analyzed to determine whether cells in V4 explicitly represent the sign of surface curvature. The proposed comparisons of visual cortical areas in humans will make use of surface-based atlases and surface-based warping to deform the macaque map to the shape of the human cortical map. These comparisons will provide an objective basis for evaluating possible homologies between visual areas in the two species. Collectively, these experiments should reveal important principles of organization and function in primate visual cortex that are relevant to the understanding and treatment of functional deficits resulting from strokes and other neurological disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY002091-28
Application #
6871190
Study Section
Visual Sciences B Study Section (VISB)
Program Officer
Oberdorfer, Michael
Project Start
1977-08-03
Project End
2007-03-31
Budget Start
2005-04-01
Budget End
2007-03-31
Support Year
28
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$352,668
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Anzai, Akiyuki; Peng, Xinmiao; Van Essen, David C (2007) Neurons in monkey visual area V2 encode combinations of orientations. Nat Neurosci 10:1313-21
Hegde, Jay; Van Essen, David C (2007) A comparative study of shape representation in macaque visual areas v2 and v4. Cereb Cortex 17:1100-16
Hegde, Jay; Van Essen, David C (2006) Temporal dynamics of 2D and 3D shape representation in macaque visual area V4. Vis Neurosci 23:749-63
Van Essen, David C (2005) Corticocortical and thalamocortical information flow in the primate visual system. Prog Brain Res 149:173-85
Hegde, Jay; Van Essen, David C (2005) Stimulus dependence of disparity coding in primate visual area V4. J Neurophysiol 93:620-6
Hegde, Jay; Van Essen, David C (2004) Temporal dynamics of shape analysis in macaque visual area V2. J Neurophysiol 92:3030-42
Hegde, Jay; Van Essen, David C (2003) Strategies of shape representation in macaque visual area V2. Vis Neurosci 20:313-28
Marcus, Daniel S; Van Essen, David C (2002) Scene segmentation and attention in primate cortical areas V1 and V2. J Neurophysiol 88:2648-58
Van Essen, D C; Drury, H A; Dickson, J et al. (2001) An integrated software suite for surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. J Am Med Inform Assoc 8:443-59
Van Essen, D C; Lewis, J W; Drury, H A et al. (2001) Mapping visual cortex in monkeys and humans using surface-based atlases. Vision Res 41:1359-78

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