Ribbon synapses transmit sensory information in the visual, auditory, and vestibular systems and are essential for the function of these fundamental senses. These specialized synapses derive their name from a complex organelle, the synaptic ribbon, which is embedded in the cytomatrix at the presynaptic active zone of sensory neurons. When ribbons are disrupted, vision and hearing are strongly impaired, because ribbons are required for faithful transmission of sensory signals in the retina and inner ear. To carry out thi task, ribbons must support both fast, transient and slower, sustained release of neurotransmitter, which they accomplish by enhancing the size and accessibility of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. Ribbons tether large numbers of synaptic vesicles to their surface, and these vesicles are thought to constitute the readily releasable pool. However, the mechanism by which vesicles associated with ribbons contribute to release is still a mystery, in part because it has been difficult to monitor the activity of ribbons in living cells. One idea is hat the ribbon serves as a scaffold along which vesicles travel to the plasma membrane at the active zone, where they then dock and fuse. Another possibility is that ribbons facilitate compound exocytosis, by providing a means for vesicles to dock and fuse with each other. One major goal of this proposal is to test these two alternative views of ribbon function, using high-resolution imaging of fluorescently labeled ribbons and synaptic vesicles in living cells. If labeld vesicles move along ribbons, that motion should be directly observable. The project will employ several approaches for visualizing vesicles, including activity-dependent uptake of FM dyes, single-molecule tracking of vesicle proteins fused to photoactivatable variants of red fluorescent protein, and electron microscopy. In addition, vesicles labeled with a fluorescent reporter of exocytosis will allow localization of the site of vesicle fusion, to determine if vesicles fuse wit each other distal to the plasma membrane, or exclusively at the plasma membrane itself. Another major goal of the project is to determine the functional roles of proteins and physiological systems that dictate the dynamics of vesicle trafficking at the active zone, in order to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling neurotransmission at ribbon synapses. The results of the project will significantly advance fundamental knowledge about the early steps in transmission of sensory information in both vision and hearing.

Public Health Relevance

In the eye, neurons of the retina convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted and processed within the retina before ultimately giving rise to visual perceptions. This processing of signals in the retina is vital for vision, but how it is accomplished at the cellular level is not yet known. The goal of this project is to provide new understanding of the specialized neural mechanisms in the retina that carry out this essential aspect of visual processing.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY003821-33
Application #
8589412
Study Section
Neurotransporters, Receptors, and Calcium Signaling Study Section (NTRC)
Program Officer
Greenwell, Thomas
Project Start
1981-08-01
Project End
2015-11-30
Budget Start
2013-12-01
Budget End
2014-11-30
Support Year
33
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$473,668
Indirect Cost
$173,324
Name
State University New York Stony Brook
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
804878247
City
Stony Brook
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
11794
Vaithianathan, Thirumalini; Henry, Diane; Akmentin, Wendy et al. (2016) Nanoscale dynamics of synaptic vesicle trafficking and fusion at the presynaptic active zone. Elife 5:
Vaithianathan, Thirumalini; Henry, Diane; Akmentin, Wendy et al. (2015) Functional roles of complexin in neurotransmitter release at ribbon synapses of mouse retinal bipolar neurons. J Neurosci 35:4065-70
Vaithianathan, Thirumalini; Matthews, Gary (2014) Visualizing synaptic vesicle turnover and pool refilling driven by calcium nanodomains at presynaptic active zones of ribbon synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:8655-60
Vaithianathan, Thirumalini; Akmentin, Wendy; Henry, Diane et al. (2013) The ribbon-associated protein C-terminal-binding protein 1 is not essential for the structure and function of retinal ribbon synapses. Mol Vis 19:917-26
Vaithianathan, Thirumalini; Zanazzi, George; Henry, Diane et al. (2013) Stabilization of spontaneous neurotransmitter release at ribbon synapses by ribbon-specific subtypes of complexin. J Neurosci 33:8216-26
Vega, Ana V; Avila, Guillermo; Matthews, Gary (2013) Interaction between the transcriptional corepressor Sin3B and voltage-gated sodium channels modulates functional channel expression. Sci Rep 3:2809
Snellman, Josefin; Mehta, Bhupesh; Babai, Norbert et al. (2011) Acute destruction of the synaptic ribbon reveals a role for the ribbon in vesicle priming. Nat Neurosci 14:1135-41
Hunanyan, Arsen S; Alessi, Valentina; Patel, Samik et al. (2011) Alterations of action potentials and the localization of Nav1.6 sodium channels in spared axons after hemisection injury of the spinal cord in adult rats. J Neurophysiol 105:1033-44
Zanazzi, George; Matthews, Gary (2010) Enrichment and differential targeting of complexins 3 and 4 in ribbon-containing sensory neurons during zebrafish development. Neural Dev 5:24
Matthews, Gary; Fuchs, Paul (2010) The diverse roles of ribbon synapses in sensory neurotransmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:812-22

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