The spatial extent of retinal and choroidal damage will be probed with noninvasive, quantitative mapping of visual function and structure. We will continue to study the distinction between aging changes and disease processes, particularly for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The goal is to determine why patients lose vision and to identify factors that are amenable to treatment to save vision. The long-term goals address three main thrusts of the NEI National Plan, 1999-2003: to provide early diagnosis, explore the pathophysiological heterogeneity of AMD, and develop effective strategies for screening for eye disease. Aging is an important cross-cutting issue. This study includes important co-factors that increase with age: atherosclerotic disease, glaucoma, and Type II diabetes. Further, our longitudinal data indicate that epiretinal membranes, considered an inner retinal abnormality, are an important clinical entity in our AMD patients. We plan studies with clinical relevance to reach this goal, including both on-going cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.We will use advanced imaging methods that are unique, rapid, and resistant to stray light. To investigate photoreceptor function in living humans, we will develop new methods that will measure the photopigment within cones and rods in patients or regions of the retina not amenable to study previously.To investigate the damage to support cells beneath the photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelial cells, we will use techniques primarily with near infrared light that is comfortable and virtually invisible. These are visible even through moderate cataract and hemorrhage. We will combine imaging techniques with novel methods of image processing. We will investigate the mechanisms of vision loss in several new groups, some of which exacerbate factors that may be important in vision loss, or change the retinal microenvironment in disease. We will include groups in our studies that are at high risk for vision loss, and minority groups, who have been excluded in many other studies but represent clinical management problems. Specifically, the effects of aging will be compared with age-related macular degeneration alone and in the presence of disease commonly found in this age group: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, and type Il diabetes. The cardiovascular study includes measuring before and after rehabilitation. The spatial extent and distribution of drusen, new vessel membranes, retinal vascular changes, and undetected edema in these groups is information that can used for evaluating possible preventative measures, determining the focal effects of treatment, estimating prognosis.
| Arthur, Edmund; Papay, Joel A; Haggerty, Bryan P et al. (2018) Subtle changes in diabetic retinas localised in 3D using OCT. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 38:477-491 |
| VanNasdale, Dean A; Elsner, Ann E; Malinovsky, Victor E et al. (2018) Polarization Variability in Age-related Macular Degeneration. Optom Vis Sci 95:277-291 |
| Cense, Barry; Miller, Donald T; King, Brett J et al. (2018) Measuring polarization changes in the human outer retina with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biophotonics 11:e201700134 |
| King, Brett J; Sapoznik, Kaitlyn A; Elsner, Ann E et al. (2017) SD-OCT and Adaptive Optics Imaging of Outer Retinal Tubulation. Optom Vis Sci 94:411-422 |
| Elsner, Ann E; Chui, Toco Y P; Feng, Lei et al. (2017) Distribution differences of macular cones measured by AOSLO: Variation in slope from fovea to periphery more pronounced than differences in total cones. Vision Res 132:62-68 |
| Marcos, Susana; Werner, John S; Burns, Stephen A et al. (2017) Vision science and adaptive optics, the state of the field. Vision Res 132:3-33 |
| Clark, Christopher A; Elsner, Ann E; Konynenbelt, Benjamin J (2015) Eye shape using partial coherence interferometry, autorefraction, and SD-OCT. Optom Vis Sci 92:115-22 |
| Burns, Stephen A; Elsner, Ann E; Chui, Toco Y et al. (2014) In vivo adaptive optics microvascular imaging in diabetic patients without clinically severe diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Opt Express 5:961-74 |
| Chui, Toco Y P; VanNasdale, Dean A; Elsner, Ann E et al. (2014) The association between the foveal avascular zone and retinal thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:6870-7 |
| VanNasdale, Dean A; Elsner, Ann E; Peabody, Todd D et al. (2014) Henle fiber layer phase retardation changes associated with age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56:284-90 |
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