Retinitis Pigmentosa is a group of inherited disorders that show a progressive loss of retinal function. One of the most common causes of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (ADRP) are mutations in the rhodopsin gene that disrupt its encoded protein's folding property. Our long-term goal is to understand how cells respond to stress caused by such rhodopsin proteins once they are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As most cells have robust quality control mechanisms that can help eliminate such misfolded proteins from the ER, a better understanding of these mechanisms may have therapeutic implications. We focus on two specific ER quality control mechanisms that can help suppress retinal degeneration caused by misfolded rhodopsins. First is ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD), which refers to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins from the ER. Stimulation of ERAD can suppress retinal degeneration in a Drosophila model for ADRP, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In addition, ADRP may be suppressed by an intracellular signaling pathway activated by ER-stress, known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). A central branch of the UPR is mediated by the unconventional splicing of xbp1 mRNA in the cytoplasm, leading to the synthesis of an active xbp1 transcription factor. Among the transcription targets of xbp1 include regulators of ERAD. To investigate mechanisms by which ERAD and the UPR suppress retinal degeneration in animal models of ADRP, we plan to use a combination of classical Drosophila genetics, cell biological analysis and high throughput RNAi assays. Specifically, we plan to investigate the precise mechanism by which misfolded rhodopsins are detected by the ERAD machinery and imported into the cytoplasm for degradation. In addition, we plan to study how the xbp1-mediated UPR pathway is regulated. We will test a specific hypothesis where xbp1 mRNA splicing is modulated by a specific phosphatase, and this phosphatase is in turn regulated by a regulatory subunit that binds to xbp1 mRNA. Any new genes or mechanisms identified through this approach will be examined for possible effects on retinal degeneration in a Drosophila model for ADRP, where an endogenous mutation in a rhodopsin encoding gene triggers a dominant form of age-related retinal degeneration. As the fly model shows a striking degree of similarity with the human condition, we believe that a successful outcome of this study may directly influence the development of new strategies against ADRP in humans.

Public Health Relevance

Mutations in the rhodopsin gene are responsible for approximately a quarter of autosomal dominant forms of Retinitis Pigmentosa (ADRP), a genetic disease that leads to blindness in individuals 40 ~ 60 years of age. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that help the elimination of misfolded rhodopsins may have a direct impact on developing new therapeutic strategies against this disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01EY020866-01
Application #
7947938
Study Section
Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section (BDPE)
Program Officer
Mariani, Andrew P
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2010-08-01
Budget End
2011-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$380,250
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10016
Huang, Huai-Wei; Brown, Brian; Chung, Jaehoon et al. (2018) highroad Is a Carboxypetidase Induced by Retinoids to Clear Mutant Rhodopsin-1 in Drosophila Retinitis Pigmentosa Models. Cell Rep 22:1384-1391
Vasudevan, Deepika; Clark, Nicholas K; Sam, Jessica et al. (2017) The GCN2-ATF4 Signaling Pathway Induces 4E-BP to Bias Translation and Boost Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesis in Response to Bacterial Infection. Cell Rep 21:2039-2047
Kang, Min-Ji; Vasudevan, Deepika; Kang, Kwonyoon et al. (2017) 4E-BP is a target of the GCN2-ATF4 pathway during Drosophila development and aging. J Cell Biol 216:115-129
Huang, Huai-Wei; Zeng, Xiaomei; Rhim, Taiyoun et al. (2017) The requirement of IRE1 and XBP1 in resolving physiological stress during Drosophila development. J Cell Sci 130:3040-3049
Ryoo, Hyung Don; Vasudevan, Deepika (2017) Two distinct nodes of translational inhibition in the Integrated Stress Response. BMB Rep 50:539-545
Vasudevan, Deepika; Ryoo, Hyung Don (2016) Detection of Cell Death in Drosophila Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 1419:131-44
Mollereau, B; Rzechorzek, N M; Roussel, B D et al. (2016) Adaptive preconditioning in neurological diseases - therapeutic insights from proteostatic perturbations. Brain Res 1648:603-616
Ryoo, Hyung Don (2016) Long and short (timeframe) of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. FEBS J 283:3718-3722
Ryoo, Hyung Don (2015) Drosophila as a model for unfolded protein response research. BMB Rep 48:445-53
Kang, Kwonyoon; Ryoo, Hyung Don; Park, Jung-Eun et al. (2015) A Drosophila Reporter for the Translational Activation of ATF4 Marks Stressed Cells during Development. PLoS One 10:e0126795

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