This proposal seeks support to develop a fundamentally new approach to amide and peptide chemical synthesis, one that complements existing methods based on dehydrative amide synthesis using carboxylic acids and amines. Bromonitroalkanes serve as carboxylic acid surrogates in a direct amide synthesis that utilizes an amine acceptor and an activating agent (a halonium ion). The concise preparation of amides derived from nonnatural amino acids, common constituents of biologically active linear and cyclic peptides that have been isolated from natural sources, is a central theme. Without this new paradigm, alternative chemical methods would provide access to the desired amides at the cost of a large number of steps, and the contamination of intermediates and products by stereoisomers that are difficult to remove. The practical chemical synthesis of biologically active peptides is an immediate goal. In the short term, peptides of modest size (~10 residues) will be prepared and diversified using the principles of medicinal chemistry. In the long term, use of this novel amide synthesis will be used in combination with conventional methods to provide access to large peptides (e.g. biologics) modified site-specifically with nonnatural amino acids.

Public Health Relevance

This proposal describes the development of new synthetic methods to prepare amide and peptide (polyamide) small molecules. Peptides have increasingly impacted human health through their use as therapeutics (so-called biologics) and the development of innovative new methods for their synthesis stands to further accelerate the discovery and development of peptide therapeutics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM063557-09
Application #
8297829
Study Section
Synthetic and Biological Chemistry B Study Section (SBCB)
Program Officer
Lees, Robert G
Project Start
2001-04-01
Project End
2016-03-31
Budget Start
2012-04-01
Budget End
2013-03-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$328,683
Indirect Cost
$108,683
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37212
Batiste, Suzanne M; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2018) Evidence for Ion-Templation During Macrocyclooligomerization of Depsipeptides. J Am Chem Soc 140:4560-4568
Tokumaru, Kazuyuki; Bera, Kalisankar; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2017) 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and Heteroaromatic-Fused 1,2,4-Triazole Synthesis using Diverted Umpolung Amide Synthesis. Synthesis (Stuttg) 49:4670-4675
Tokumaru, Kazuyuki; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2017) A convergent synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from acyl hydrazides under semiaqueous conditions. Chem Sci 8:3187-3191
Lim, Victoria T; Tsukanov, Sergey V; Stephens, Amanda B et al. (2016) Enantioselective Synthesis of ?-Bromonitroalkanes for Umpolung Amide Synthesis: Preparation of tert-Butyl ((1R)-1-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-bromo-2-nitroethyl)carbamate. Organic Synth 93:88-99
Batiste, Suzanne M; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2016) Rapid synthesis of cyclic oligomeric depsipeptides with positional, stereochemical, and macrocycle size distribution control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:14893-14897
Schwieter, Kenneth E; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2015) Enantioselective Synthesis of D-?-Amino Amides from Aliphatic Aldehydes. Chem Sci 6:2590-2595
Schwieter, Kenneth E; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2015) Enantioselective Addition of Bromonitromethane to Aliphatic N-Boc Aldimines Using a Homogeneous Bifunctional Chiral Organocatalyst. ACS Catal 5:6559-6562
Makley, Dawn M; Johnston, Jeffrey N (2014) Silyl imine electrophiles in enantioselective catalysis: a Rosetta Stone for peptide homologation, enabling diverse N-protected aryl glycines from aldehydes in three steps. Org Lett 16:3146-9
Schwieter, Kenneth E; Shen, Bo; Shackleford, Jessica P et al. (2014) Umpolung amide synthesis using substoichiometric N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and oxygen as a terminal oxidant. Org Lett 16:4714-7
Pigza, Julie A; Han, Jeong-Seok; Chandra, Aroop et al. (2013) Total synthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloid serratezomine A using free radical-mediated vinyl amination to prepare a ýý-stannyl enamine linchpin. J Org Chem 78:822-43

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