Protein biosynthesis directly couples genotype to phenotype in the cell, and its regulation is central to cellular physiology. Our understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein synthesis has undergone a revolution in the last decade, built on rapid advances in structural biology and systems biology. However, important questions relating to dynamic events in translation remain unanswered, as the transient nature of these events makes them difficult to isolate. In this application, we propose to decipher the molecular mechanisms of how eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in humans regulates translation initiation. We recently discovered that human eIF3 serves multiple roles in translation. Human eIF3 generally helps assemble translation preinitiation complexes at the start codon, but also directly controls the translation of specific mRNAs. We found that eIF3 can either activate or repress the translation of an mRNA, depending on how eIF3 binds to the mRNA's 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). Furthermore, we discovered that eIF3 harbors a subunit?EIF3D?that binds the 5'-m7G cap on certain mRNAs in an RNA structure-dependent manner. These discoveries indicate that eIF3 may integrate multiple signals to control the translational output of individual mRNAs, much like the Mediator complex in transcription.
The aims i n this application build on these groundbreaking results to address fundamental questions of how eIF3 functions. We propose to determine the structural basis for eIF3-mediated control of specialized translation, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and in vitro biochemistry. We will also probe how mRNAs regulated by eIF3 are structured in living cells, and dissect the functional importance of these structures to eIF3 regulation and the translational capacity of these mRNAs. Finally, we will use systems biological approaches to explore how eIF3 contributes to the regulation of translation mediated by N-6- methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in mRNAs. By combining advances in cryo-EM to our expertise in human cell engineering, we are in a unique position to unravel the molecular contributions of eIF3 to translation initiation in humans. Taken together, the three aims of this application build on the fundamental insights into eIF3 structure and function obtained in the prior funding period, and address key mechanisms in translational control that could be widespread in human biology. In the long run, our insights into the molecular mechanisms used in human cells to direct eIF3-mediated activation and repression of specific mRNAs could pave the way for the development of new small-molecule and cell-based therapeutics.

Public Health Relevance

Understanding how proteins are made in humans is central to the basic understanding of human physiology. The research in this application will reveal how the molecular machines involved in early steps of protein synthesis contribute to how genes are expressed in human cells. These results could inform future development of human therapeutics that target specific aspects of human protein synthesis, rather than general aspects of translation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM065050-19
Application #
10084907
Study Section
Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section (MSFB)
Program Officer
Reddy, Michael K
Project Start
2001-08-01
Project End
2022-12-31
Budget Start
2021-01-01
Budget End
2021-12-31
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Berkeley
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
124726725
City
Berkeley
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94710
Lapinaite, Audrone; Doudna, Jennifer A; Cate, Jamie H D (2018) Programmable RNA recognition using a CRISPR-associated Argonaute. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:3368-3373
Acosta-Sampson, Ligia; Döring, Kristina; Lin, Yuping et al. (2017) Role for ribosome-associated complex and stress-seventy subfamily B (RAC-Ssb) in integral membrane protein translation. J Biol Chem 292:19610-19627
Han, Bong-Gyoon; Watson, Zoe; Cate, Jamie H D et al. (2017) Monolayer-crystal streptavidin support films provide an internal standard of cryo-EM image quality. J Struct Biol 200:307-313
Hamadani, Kambiz M; Howe, Jesse; Jensen, Madeleine K et al. (2017) An in vitro tag-and-modify protein sample generation method for single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J Biol Chem 292:15636-15648
Glaeser, Robert M; Han, Bong-Gyoon; Csencsits, Roseann et al. (2016) Factors that Influence the Formation and Stability of Thin, Cryo-EM Specimens. Biophys J 110:749-55
Han, Bong-Gyoon; Watson, Zoe; Kang, Hannah et al. (2016) Long shelf-life streptavidin support-films suitable for electron microscopy of biological macromolecules. J Struct Biol 195:238-244
Smith, M Duane; Arake-Tacca, Luisa; Nitido, Adam et al. (2016) Assembly of eIF3 Mediated by Mutually Dependent Subunit Insertion. Structure 24:886-96
Samelson, Avi J; Jensen, Madeleine K; Soto, Randy A et al. (2016) Quantitative determination of ribosome nascent chain stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:13402-13407
Wasserman, Michael R; Pulk, Arto; Zhou, Zhou et al. (2015) Chemically related 4,5-linked aminoglycoside antibiotics drive subunit rotation in opposite directions. Nat Commun 6:7896
Noeske, Jonas; Wasserman, Michael R; Terry, Daniel S et al. (2015) High-resolution structure of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Nat Struct Mol Biol 22:336-41

Showing the most recent 10 out of 35 publications