This is a resubmission of a competitive renewal of the R01 grant # HD 044517. The proposed experiments are extensions of earlier ones aimed at deciphering the cellular pathways responsible for anesthesia- induced developmental neurodegeneration. In addition to causing widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in vulnerable brain regions, general anesthesia exposure at the peak of the brain growth spurt causes learning and memory deficiencies later in life. The gap in learning abilities between control and anesthesia- treated animals progressively widens in adulthood. Moreover, retrospective clinical evidence suggests that there is a relationship between the exposure of very young children to general anesthesia and subsequent life-long learning disabilities. Since general anesthesia cannot be avoided, better understanding the key mechanisms of anesthesia-induced developmental neurodegeneration and ways to ameliorate it are critically important to public health. Our in-vivo rodent studies have suggested that activation of the intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) apoptotic pathway is the earliest warning sign of neuronal damage. Within the very first couple of hours, general anesthesia causes significant decrease in protein levels of bcl-XL which is quickly followed by a massive increase in cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. This leads to activation of caspase-9, and -3, DNA fragmentation, and neuronal death. In addition, our most recent in-vivo studies demonstrate that general anesthesia induces significant up-regulation of reactive oxygen species and both morphological and functional impairment of developing mitochondria in the immature neurons. Therapeutic intervention aimed at scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species using EUK-134, a synthetic superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, abolished anesthesia-induced learning impairment and significantly ameliorated anesthesia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species. The exact mechanisms operational in anesthesia-induced up-regulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria damage in the developing neurons must be determined so that therapeutic interventions can be devised. This is the main focus of our revised application.

Public Health Relevance

Clinically used general anesthetics are damaging to developing mammalian brain. Since general anesthetics are a necessity that often cannot be avoided, better understanding of the key mechanisms of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and ways to ameliorate their effects are of great importance. Using in-vivo and ex-vitro systems, this proposal aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in anesthesia-induced reactive oxygen-mediated neurodegeneration during developmental synaptogenesis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD044517-07
Application #
8207211
Study Section
Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section (SAT)
Program Officer
Giacoia, George
Project Start
2003-07-01
Project End
2014-12-31
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2012-12-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$322,934
Indirect Cost
$102,237
Name
University of Virginia
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
065391526
City
Charlottesville
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
22904
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Milanovi?, Desanka; Peši?, Vesna; Popi?, Jelena et al. (2014) Propofol anesthesia induces proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-? and pro-nerve growth factor signaling and prosurvival Akt and XIAP expression in neonatal rat brain. J Neurosci Res 92:1362-73
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