The broad goal is to investigate the ways in which bilingualism affects children's cognitive and linguistic development.
Four specific aims each examines a different aspect of competence.
The first aim i s to investigate the cognitive effects of bilingualism on executive processing and develop more precise descriptions of the relationship between selective attention, inhibitory control, response suppression, and task switching. Executive functions are the basis of all higher thinking, including planning, attention, and monitoring.
The second aim i s to examine the extent to which bilingualism affects children's development of higher cognitive abilities in spatial and mathematical domains. Both are crucial aspects of children's development and integrally related to school achievement. The results will help to identify the basic skills that underlie problem solving in these domains and point to an important academic consequence of bilingualism.
The third aim i s to examine the effect of bilingualism on language development, specifically in terms of semantic processing and literacy acquisition. It is well known that bilingual children control a smaller vocabulary in each language than their monolingual counterparts. The effect of this difference on psycholinguistic processing and higher language skills, such as literacy, needs to be examined in detail for these children. Literacy acquisition is multifaceted, depending on both cognitive and semantic abilities, suggesting a complex role for bilingualism in its development.
The fourth aim i s to isolate the factors that are correlated with bilingualism, such as social class, education, cultural expectations, and immigration, that may be accounting for the results rather than bilingualism per se. Monolingual and bilingual children have many different experiences, so it is essential to demonstrate that the relevant source of difference on these tasks is only the number of languages they speak. The research for all these aims will compare monolinguals and bilinguals matched on SES, working memory, and reasoning ability, on the dependent measure selected for each specific aim. All these outcomes relate to children's intellectual development and school success and will contribute to theoretical conceptions of the structure of these abilities. The results will be used to understand how language experience affects development for a specific group of children and how the plasticity of the mind is responsive to social and linguistic contingencies in the environment. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HD052523-01A1
Application #
7214438
Study Section
Language and Communication Study Section (LCOM)
Program Officer
Mccardle, Peggy D
Project Start
2007-05-10
Project End
2012-04-30
Budget Start
2007-05-10
Budget End
2008-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$216,000
Indirect Cost
Name
York University
Department
Type
DUNS #
208217786
City
Toronto
State
ON
Country
Canada
Zip Code
M3 1-P3
Grundy, John G; Bialystok, Ellen (2018) Monolinguals and bilinguals disengage attention differently following conflict and errors: Evidence from ERPs. Brain Cogn 128:28-36
Sullivan, Margot D; Poarch, Gregory J; Bialystok, Ellen (2018) Why is Lexical Retrieval Slower for Bilinguals? Evidence from Picture Naming. Biling (Camb Engl) 21:479-488
Bialystok, Ellen; Grundy, John G (2018) Science does not disengage. Cognition 170:330-333
Anderson, John A E; Mak, Lorinda; Keyvani Chahi, Aram et al. (2018) The language and social background questionnaire: Assessing degree of bilingualism in a diverse population. Behav Res Methods 50:250-263
Bialystok, Ellen (2018) Bilingual education for young children: review of the effects and consequences. Int J Biling Educ Biling 21:666-679
Anderson, John A E; Chung-Fat-Yim, Ashley; Bellana, Buddhika et al. (2018) Language and cognitive control networks in bilinguals and monolinguals. Neuropsychologia 117:352-363
Thomas-Sunesson, Danielle; Hakuta, Kenji; Bialystok, Ellen (2018) Degree of bilingualism modifies executive control in Hispanic children in the USA. Int J Biling Educ Biling 21:197-206
Bialystok, Ellen (2017) The bilingual adaptation: How minds accommodate experience. Psychol Bull 143:233-262
Sorge, Geoff B; Toplak, Maggie E; Bialystok, Ellen (2017) Interactions between levels of attention ability and levels of bilingualism in children's executive functioning. Dev Sci 20:
Grundy, John G; Anderson, John A E; Bialystok, Ellen (2017) Bilinguals have more complex EEG brain signals in occipital regions than monolinguals. Neuroimage 159:280-288

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