Arteriosclerotic calcification is a complication of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and aging that increases risk of stroke, heart failure, and foot amputation. Arteriosclerosis impairs the elasticity of conduit arteries necessary for smooth distal tissue perfusion and adaptation to physiological demands. Our goal is to develop novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate arteriosclerosis -- translated from a fundamental understanding of pathobiology via preclinical disease models. In the past funding period, we showed that osteogenic Wnt signals are important in the arteriosclerosis of diabetes and dyslipidemia. LRP6, a Wnt co-receptor known for capacity to support canonical actions, was identified to limit noncanonical Wnt signaling in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) that drives calcification. Loss of VSM LRP6 increases arterial calcification & stiffness by enhancing VSM osteogenic differentiation and increasing protein arginine methylation. Mass spectrometry identified that one methylated protein, G3BP1, supports noncanonical Wnt pathways by activating NFATc4 in concert with Ddx58. Ddx58 is cytosolic receptor for atypical RNAs and part of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) system. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in Ddx58 have been shown to cause Singleton Merten Syndrome 2 (SGMRT2) a disorder characterized by precocious aortic, aortic valve, and coronary calcification. In preliminary data, we show that: (a) Ddx58 promotes G3BP1 methylation and signaling; (b) Ddx58- and MAVS-deficient VSM exhibit reduced noncanonical Wnt/NFAT signaling, osteogenic differentiation and calcification; and (c) SGMRT2 variants are gain-of-function in our assays. We?ve also shown that MAVS-/-;LDLR-/- mice exhibit less aortic calcification when fed arteriosclerotic diets. In this renewal our aims are:
Aim1 : ?To complete our ongoing characterization of MAVS-/-;LDLR-/- mice, elucidating the mechanisms whereby the MAVS relay conveys arteriosclerotic Wnt signals in vascular smooth muscle.? We study the impact of MAVS deficiency on arterial calcification, stiffening, atheroma formation and vascular activation of NFAT signals. We focus upon VSM cell-autonomous contributions, since our data show that Wnt- regulated NFATc4 nuclear localization and osteogenic mineralization require MAVS. We also study how MAVS deficiency impacts arterial remodeling in the angiotensin-II infusion model of aortic aneurysm formation.
Aim2 : ?To generate and characterize mice possessing a gain-of-function allele for the MAVS activator Ddx58 as a preclinical model of the arterial calcification of Singleton Merten Syndrome Type 2.? We implement CRISPR/Cas9 with a mutated ssDNA homology directed repair template to generate Ddx58(SGMRT2/+) mice (collaboration with Drs. R. Hammer and ZJ Chen). We first characterize whether this SGMRT2 Ddx58 allele promotes arteriosclerotic calcification in vivo, and VSM mineralization and NFAT signaling in vitro. In outlying years we then initiate studies into the impact of Ddx58 deficiency on arteriosclerosis, and the role of Wnt16 ? a potential therapeutic target highly expressed in VSM ? in the paracrine regulation of Ddx58/MAVS relays.

Public Health Relevance

Arterial hardening with diabetes and aging increases the risk for heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, dementia, and foot amputation. This occurs in part via inflammation that induces bone-like calcification in large arteries and heart valves. We have identified that the proteins MAVS and Ddx58 might work together to control hardening of the arteries. We test whether regulation of these proteins can reduce arterial hardening and improve cardiovascular health. Genetic studies from humans indicate that Ddx58 is very important. We develop a model of a rare human cardiovascular disease to study Ddx58 actions and identify new approaches to prevent artery and valve calcification.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL069229-19
Application #
9841422
Study Section
Atherosclerosis and Inflammation of the Cardiovascular System Study Section (AICS)
Program Officer
Srinivas, Pothur R
Project Start
2001-09-30
Project End
2022-11-30
Budget Start
2019-12-01
Budget End
2020-11-30
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Sw Medical Center Dallas
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771545
City
Dallas
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
75390
Crewe, Clair; Joffin, Nolwenn; Rutkowski, Joseph M et al. (2018) An Endothelial-to-Adipocyte Extracellular Vesicle Axis Governed by Metabolic State. Cell 175:695-708.e13
Ramachandran, Bindu; Stabley, John N; Cheng, Su-Li et al. (2018) A GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1)/antiviral protein relay conveys arteriosclerotic Wnt signals in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 293:7942-7968
Stabley, John N; Towler, Dwight A (2017) Arterial Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical Models and Translational Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 37:205-217
Towler, Dwight A (2017) Lipoprotein(a): A Taxi for Autotaxin Takes a Toll in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2:241-243
Gay, Austin; Towler, Dwight A (2017) Wnt signaling in cardiovascular disease: opportunities and challenges. Curr Opin Lipidol 28:387-396
Towler, Dwight A (2017) ""Osteotropic"" Wnt/LRP Signals: High-Wire Artists in a Balancing Act Regulating Aortic Structure and Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 37:392-395
Towler, Dwight A (2017) Commonalities Between Vasculature and Bone: An Osseocentric View of Arteriosclerosis. Circulation 135:320-322
Towler, Dwight A (2016) AMPK?1: SUMO Wrestling Runx2 as a Strategy to Inhibit Arteriosclerotic Calcification. Circ Res 119:398-400
Towler, Dwight A (2015) Arteriosclerotic Calcification: A Serpi(n)ginous Path to Cardiovascular Health? Circ Res 117:744-6
Towler, Dwight A (2015) Arteriosclerosis, bone biology, and calciotropic hormone signaling: learning the ABCs of disease in the bone-vascular axis. J Am Soc Nephrol 26:243-5

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