Effective repair of the infarcted heart depends on mechanisms that suppress the inflammatory response after granulation tissue formation has occurred, and that limit expansion of fibrosis to the non-infarcted myocardium. Our project examines the mechanisms responsible for resolution of post-infarction inflammation and transition to fibrous tissue deposition. Our preliminary experiments suggest that Thrombospondin (TSP)-1, a potent angiostatic mediator and crucial TGF-2 activator, and the matrix crosslinking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTG), are selectively induced in the infarct border zone and that TSP-1 plays a key role in suppression of the chemokine response and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate in healing infarcts. The selective localization of TSP-1 and tTG suggests that, through its unique composition, the infarct border zone may serve as a barrier preventing expansion of granulation tissue formation into the non- infarcted myocardium.
Specific aim 1 will examine the role of TSP-1 in suppression and containment of the post-infarction inflammatory response. In vivo experiments examining activation of TGF-2 signaling pathways and neovessel formation, in vitro studies using endothelial cells and infarct myofibroblasts isolated from TSP-1 -/- and WT mice and injections of peptides that restore specific actions of the TSP-1 molecule will be used to examine the mechanistic basis of the TSP-1-mediated effects.
Specific aim 2 will test the hypothesis that tTG may protect the non-infarcted myocardium by locally activating TGF- beta and by forming a """"""""barrier"""""""" composed of proteolysis-resistant matrix, preventing leukocyte migration. In vivo studies using tTG -/- mice and in vitro experiments using infarct myofibroblasts and endothelial cells from WT and tTG -/- mice will be performed.
Specific aim 3 will explore the signaling pathways responsible for the distinct effects of TGF-2 in suppressing inflammation by repressing chemokine and cytokine expression in endothelial cells, and in promoting fibrosis, by inducing extracellular matrix proteins and by altering the MMP:TIMP balance in cardiac fibroblasts. The importance of Smad- dependent and Smad-independent pathways in post-infarction inflammation and fibrous tissue deposition will be examined using myocardial infarction experiments and in vitro studies on isolated endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These studies may lead to therapeutic interventions aimed at optimizing cardiac repair by preventing prolongation and extension of the inflammatory injury.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL085440-05
Application #
8212055
Study Section
Myocardial Ischemia and Metabolism Study Section (MIM)
Program Officer
Schwartz, Lisa
Project Start
2008-01-15
Project End
2013-06-16
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2013-06-16
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$369,765
Indirect Cost
$147,015
Name
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
110521739
City
Bronx
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10461
Chen, Bijun; Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) The Role of Macrophages in Nonischemic Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 3:245-248
Kirk, Jonathan A; Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) Galectin-3 in the pathogenesis of heart failure: a causative mediator or simply a biomarker? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 314:H1256-H1258
Shinde, Arti V; Su, Ya; Palanski, Brad A et al. (2018) Pharmacologic inhibition of the enzymatic effects of tissue transglutaminase reduces cardiac fibrosis and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 117:36-48
Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) Cell biological mechanisms in regulation of the post-infarction inflammatory response. Curr Opin Physiol 1:7-13
Lindsey, Merry L; Bolli, Roberto; Canty Jr, John M et al. (2018) Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 314:H812-H838
Huang, Shuaibo; Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) Anti-inflammatory therapies in myocardial infarction: failures, hopes and challenges. Br J Pharmacol 175:1377-1400
Alex, Linda; Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) The Cellular Origin of Activated Fibroblasts in the Infarcted and Remodeling Myocardium. Circ Res 122:540-542
Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G (2018) Cell therapy for peripheral artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 39:27-34
Kong, Ping; Shinde, Arti V; Su, Ya et al. (2018) Opposing Actions of Fibroblast and Cardiomyocyte Smad3 Signaling in the Infarcted Myocardium. Circulation 137:707-724
Hanif, Waqas; Alex, Linda; Su, Ya et al. (2017) Left atrial remodeling, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mouse models of heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 30:27-37

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