Our overall goal is to understand the structural mechanisms for the functional dysregulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+-release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). RyR2 contributes to and is a therapeutic target for treating heart failure (HF) and arrhythmias. The proposed studies take the new knowledge obtained in the current award period to new levels of insight with novel methods and goals (below). Our work has developed a new integrated mechanistic paradigm explaining how RyR2 becomes dysfunctional and promotes arrhythmias, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in HF. We discovered a common pathological RyR2 structural state that causes diastolic SR Ca leak, identified key physiological modulators of this state ? calmodulin (CaM), ROS, Ca/CaM-dependent kinase (CaMKII) ?, and devised novel drug discovery strategies to target leaky RyR2 conformation. The core observation: CaM inhibits (a) RyR2 Ca leak and (b) RyR2 binding of DPc10 biosensor peptide. In HF, RyR2 readily binds DPc10 but CaM affinity is reduced and Ca leak is high. These 3 HF RyR2 properties can be induced by CaMKII and ROS (both increased in HF) and DPc10, but dantrolene or high [CaM] reverses each of them. Combining this conformation-shifting paradigm with our FRET-based molecular tools has enabled us to start a drug discovery program to seek novel therapeutics for HF and CPVT, and this is already yielding promising compounds. The influence of CaM-CaMKII-RyR2 interactions on cardiac function and dysfunction are widely appre- ciated. Here, we extend our mechanistic progress to determine the structural basis of functional CaM-CaMKII- RyR2 effects. We develop a new FRET-based dynamic conformational approach with functioning RyRs, to test hypotheses suggested by cryo-EM static structural snapshots of frozen, detergent-purified RyR. For example, cryo-EM and FRET-based mapping place apo(Ca-free)-CaM in similar locations on RyR1 (skeletal muscle) and RyR2 (heart), but the RyR2 position of Ca-CaM is controversial. We found that human CaM mutants linked to CPVT outcompete WT-CaM/RyR2 binding, but promote (rather than inhibit) arrhythmogenic SR Ca leak. This apo-CaM effect is akin to RyR1 activation by WT-CaM. So structure-function analysis of WT and CPVT- CaMs (as we plan) may be the key to expose the molecular mechanism of CaM-RyR regulation. We will test this using our evolving RyR-targeted FRET toolkit to correlate state-of-the-art confocal studies in relatively intact cardiomyocytes (Bers Lab) with fluorescence lifetime detection of FRET within RyR2 in SR vesicles (Cornea Lab) and emerging high-resolution structural information. Our success with RyR-CaM-FKBP, the importance of CaMKII in RyR regulation, and our parallel CaMKII FRET tool development, drive us to enhance understanding of dynamic CaMKII with new mechanistic clarity.
Specific Aims are to resolve the (1) structural basis of CaM regulation of RyR2 vs. RyR1, (2) Ca-dependent kinetics of CaM-RyR2 structure-function in SR and myocytes, (3) differences in CaMKII physical states upon direct CaM and autonomous activation.

Public Health Relevance

Heart failure and arrhythmias are major human health issues, afflicting millions of Americans. It has become clear that leak of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum within the cardiac myocyte between normal heart beats contributes importantly to both of these major cardiac problems. Here we will elucidate the structural and functional problem at the molecular level and develop novel therapeutic strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL092097-10
Application #
9850275
Study Section
Electrical Signaling, Ion Transport, and Arrhythmias Study Section (ESTA)
Program Officer
Tjurmina, Olga A
Project Start
2010-01-01
Project End
2022-12-31
Budget Start
2020-01-01
Budget End
2020-12-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Oda, Tetsuro; Yamamoto, Takeshi; Kato, Takayoshi et al. (2018) Nuclear translocation of calmodulin in pathological cardiac hypertrophy originates from ryanodine receptor bound calmodulin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 125:87-97
Hegyi, Bence; Bossuyt, Julie; Griffiths, Leigh G et al. (2018) Complex electrophysiological remodeling in postinfarction ischemic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E3036-E3044
Liu, Miao; Hoskins, Amanda; Verma, Nirmal et al. (2018) Amylin and diabetic cardiomyopathy - amylin-induced sarcolemmal Ca2+ leak is independent of diabetic remodeling of myocardium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864:1923-1930
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Galice, Samuel; Xie, Yuanfang; Yang, Yi et al. (2018) Size Matters: Ryanodine Receptor Cluster Size Affects Arrhythmogenic Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release. J Am Heart Assoc 7:
Hegyi, Bence; Bossuyt, Julie; Ginsburg, Kenneth S et al. (2018) Altered Repolarization Reserve in Failing Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes: Calcium and ?-Adrenergic Effects on Delayed- and Inward-Rectifier Potassium Currents. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 11:e005852
Yan, Jiajie; Zhao, Weiwei; Thomson, Justin K et al. (2018) Stress Signaling JNK2 Crosstalk With CaMKII Underlies Enhanced Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. Circ Res 122:821-835
Sato, Daisuke; Clancy, Colleen E; Bers, Donald M (2017) Dynamics of sodium current mediated early afterdepolarizations. Heliyon 3:e00388
Lang, Di; Sato, Daisuke; Jiang, Yanyan et al. (2017) Calcium-Dependent Arrhythmogenic Foci Created by Weakly Coupled Myocytes in the Failing Heart. Circ Res 121:1379-1391
Bers, Donald M (2017) CALMing Down Arrhythmogenic Calmodulinopathies via a Precision Medicine Approach. Circ Res 120:3-4

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