Blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise is one of the underlying causes of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD). Diminished expression of brain microvascular tight junctions (TJ) is observed in brain tissues of HAD patients indicating BBB injury. During the previous period of funding, we established that activation of small dimeric G-proteins (Rho GTPases, such as RhoA) played a central role in alterations of BMVEC TJ. RhoA inhibition prevented migration of HIV-1 infected monocytes, TJ changes and diminished permeability of the BBB. We identified soluble factors that disrupted the barrier and increased monocyte migration across the BBB. We believe that widespread BBB injury seen in areas devoid of leukocyte infiltration could be due to effects of such small molecules produced by activated HIV-1 infected macrophages on the brain side of the barrier. Thus, pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by HIV-1 infected/activated macrophages and interactions between brain endothelial cells and monocytes are two major factors contributing to BBB abnormalities. In addition, our preliminary data indicated that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3? prevented activation of Rho GTPases in BMVEC and monocytes, decreased monocyte migration through the BBB and reduced production of inflammatory molecules by activated macrophages, preserving BBB. Recently, GSK-3? inhibitors were recognized as a therapeutic option for HAD treatment due to their direct neuroprotective properties. However, powerful immunomodulatory effects of GSK-3? inhibition have received much less attention in neurodegeneration. GSK-3? suppression as an anti-inflammatory treatment strategy for BBB injury in HAD is the focus of the current proposal. In this competing continuation, we will investigate the therapeutic potential of GSK-3? inhibition and the mechanisms through which it can curtail BBB compromise by addressing the following questions: 1) How GSK-3? inhibition diminishes monocyte migration across the BBB? 2) Can GSK-3? suppression decrease secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in activated HIV-1 infected macrophages attenuating their effects on the BBB? and 3) Can GSK-3? inhibitors prevent BBB dysfunction in an animal model for HIVE via their anti-inflammatory effects? The proposed works will uncover novel mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of GSK-3? suppression and are highly significant for amelioration of BBB dysfunction in HIV-1 dementia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH065151-10
Application #
8076779
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-D (05))
Program Officer
Colosi, Deborah
Project Start
2001-12-01
Project End
2012-06-30
Budget Start
2011-07-01
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$419,181
Indirect Cost
Name
Temple University
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
057123192
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19122
Rom, Slava; Zuluaga-Ramirez, Viviana; Gajghate, Sachin et al. (2018) Hyperglycemia-Driven Neuroinflammation Compromises BBB Leading to Memory Loss in Both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 1 and Type 2 Mouse Models. Mol Neurobiol :
Rom, Slava; Zuluaga-Ramirez, Viviana; Reichenbach, Nancy L et al. (2018) Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a blood-brain barrier protective and anti-inflammatory agent: implications for neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 15:25
Seliga, Alecia; Lee, Michael Hweemoon; Fernandes, Nicole C et al. (2018) Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation. Front Immunol 9:156
Persidsky, Yuri; Hill, Jeremy; Zhang, Ming et al. (2016) Dysfunction of brain pericytes in chronic neuroinflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:794-807
Gallek, Matthew J; Skoch, Jesse; Ansay, Tracy et al. (2016) Cortical gene expression: prognostic value for seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy. Neurogenetics 17:211-218
Rom, Slava; Zuluaga-Ramirez, Viviana; Reichenbach, Nancy L et al. (2016) PARP inhibition in leukocytes diminishes inflammation via effects on integrins/cytoskeleton and protects the blood-brain barrier. J Neuroinflammation 13:254
Rom, Slava; Zuluaga-Ramirez, Viviana; Dykstra, Holly et al. (2015) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition in brain endothelium protects the blood-brain barrier under physiologic and neuroinflammatory conditions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35:28-36
Zuluaga-Ramirez, Viviana; Rom, Slava; Persidsky, Yuri (2015) Craniula: A cranial window technique for prolonged imaging of brain surface vasculature with simultaneous adjacent intracerebral injection. Fluids Barriers CNS 12:24
Persidsky, Yuri (2015) Insights into end-organ injury in HIV infection: dynamics of monocyte trafficking to the brain in SIV encephalitis. Am J Pathol 185:1548-51
Watters, Andrea K; Rom, Slava; Hill, Jeremy D et al. (2015) Identification and dynamic regulation of tight junction protein expression in human neural stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 24:1377-89

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