The mechanisms of excitatory synaptic transmission at single synaptic contracts in the CNS are not well understood. Questions of postsynaptic receptor occupancy, receptor number, mechanisms of clearance, synapse specificity and crosstalk, although beginning to be addressed, have not been answered even in simplified preparations including culture and slice. The proposed work will examine these questions by determining the time course of clearance of transmitter at hippocampal synapses in cultures and at Schaffer collateral/commissural inputs to CA1 pyramidal cells in slices from rat. The first hypothesis to be tested is that glutamate transporters, in addition to maintaining extracellular levels of glutamate below those that can induce excitotoxicity, also buffer glutamate by rapid and capacious binding thereby diminishing the lifetime of elevated transmitter in the synaptic cleft. In particular, the differential effects of glial and neuronal glutamate transporters on the kinetics of postsynaptic responses will be assayed using newly developed transporter blockers and selective antisense oligonucleotides to test the effects of synaptic and extrasynaptic transporters on clearance rates and functional separation of synaptic sites. The second hypothesis to be tested is that, despite powerful uptake mechanisms, transmitter can diffuse to neighboring inactive synaptic contacts in quantities high enough to activate significant numbers of NMDA receptors and desensitize AMPA receptors. If crosstalk is sufficient to activate NMDA receptors at neighboring sites, recent proposals that the expression of LTP involves rapid increases in the number of functional AMPA receptors may not be correct or only partially correct. This issue will be directly addressed with electrophysiological techniques in hippocampal slices using single and dual pathway stimulation. Reuptake and crosstalk are inter-related processes. Regulation of the former will clearly affect the latter. Determination of the capacity and kinetics of uptake mechanisms and the degree of crosstalk at distinct synapses will help define the meaning of synapse specificity, a central conception in theories of neuronal integration and information processing.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01NS021419-14
Application #
2037165
Study Section
Physiology Study Section (PHY)
Program Officer
Baughman, Robert W
Project Start
1987-09-01
Project End
2001-07-31
Budget Start
1997-09-01
Budget End
1998-07-31
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
1997
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
009584210
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Bergles, Dwight E; Tzingounis, Anastassios V; Jahr, Craig E (2002) Comparison of coupled and uncoupled currents during glutamate uptake by GLT-1 transporters. J Neurosci 22:10153-62
Smith, T Caitlin; Jahr, Craig E (2002) Self-inhibition of olfactory bulb neurons. Nat Neurosci 5:760-6
Diamond, J S; Jahr, C E (2000) Synaptically released glutamate does not overwhelm transporters on hippocampal astrocytes during high-frequency stimulation. J Neurophysiol 83:2835-43
Bergles, D E; Diamond, J S; Jahr, C E (1999) Clearance of glutamate inside the synapse and beyond. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9:293-8
Dzubay, J A; Jahr, C E (1999) The concentration of synaptically released glutamate outside of the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic cleft. J Neurosci 19:5265-74
Otis, T S; Jahr, C E (1998) Anion currents and predicted glutamate flux through a neuronal glutamate transporter. J Neurosci 18:7099-110
Diamond, J S; Bergles, D E; Jahr, C E (1998) Glutamate release monitored with astrocyte transporter currents during LTP. Neuron 21:425-33
Diamond, J S; Jahr, C E (1997) Transporters buffer synaptically released glutamate on a submillisecond time scale. J Neurosci 17:4672-87
Otis, T S; Kavanaugh, M P; Jahr, C E (1997) Postsynaptic glutamate transport at the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. Science 277:1515-8
Dzubay, J A; Jahr, C E (1996) Kinetics of NMDA channel opening. J Neurosci 16:4129-34

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