The goal of this proposal is to investigate the mechanisms of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA;>C22:0) induced neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease and to evaluate the efficacy of interventions of these signaling pathways as possible therapeutics for X-Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). X-ALD, the most common inherited peroxisomal disorder, is caused by pathognomonic accumulation of VLCFA as a result of peroxisomal dysfunction leading to loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin and a shortened life expectancy. The complexities in the transition of inherited metabolic disease into neuroinflammatory disease of X-ALD have frustrated the efforts of various laboratories including ours, to establish the relationship between VLCFA accumulation and induction of the neuroinflammation. By using a comprehensive approach including proteomics and lipidomics on cells (fibroblasts) and autopsy brain from X-ALD and brain cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) from control and X-ALD mice, we have investigated the molecular events associated with the development of neuroinflammatory disease in X-ALD, establishing for the first time, that excessive accumulation of VLCFA induces cellular signaling for inflammatory response in astrocytes and excessive accumulation of VLCFA in the presence of inflammatory mediators induces cellular signaling for apoptotic loss of oligodendrocytes. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that pathognomonic accumulation of VLCFA, as a constituent of different lipids (sphingomyelin/ceramide/lactosylceramide), induces differential signal transduction pathways for sustained inflammatory response in astrocytes and signals for apoptotic loss of oligodendrocytes in X-ALD. The proposed studies are:
Specific Aim 1 : To elucidate the mechanisms of VLCFA-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes in the X-ALD setting.
Specific Aim 2 : To elucidate the mechanisms of VLCFA-induced cell death of oligodendrocytes in the setting of X-ALD disease.
Specific Aim 3 : To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of compounds (as therapeutics) that attenuate VLCFA derangement induced pathways in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The studies on the differential role of VLCFA containing lipids in astrocytes vs. oligodendrocytes are innovative. Understanding the mechanisms of VLCFA-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and cell death in oligodendrocytes is critical for the development of effective therapy for X-ALD.

Public Health Relevance

X-ALD, the most common genetic disorder of peroxisomes, affects boys in early childhood due to the pathognomonic accumulation of VLCFA. It is also known as Lorenzo's disease based on a movie called """"""""Lorenzo's Oil"""""""" depicting the life of a child suffering from X-ALD. The mutation in ALD gene results in metabolic disease as excessive accumulation of VLCFA, which subsequently leads to neuroinflammatory disease, loss of oligodendrocytes/myelin and a shortened life span. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy to control neurological disease. Children with X-ALD die within 1-3 years of onset of the neurological disease. The proposed studies are designed to delineate the molecular mechanisms of VLCFA derangement induced signaling that induces the inflammatory response in astrocytes and cell death in oligodendrocytes. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for the development of effective therapy for X-ALD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS022576-28
Application #
8427382
Study Section
Clinical Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumors Study Section (CNBT)
Program Officer
Morris, Jill A
Project Start
1985-09-09
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2014-01-31
Support Year
28
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$305,136
Indirect Cost
$98,264
Name
Medical University of South Carolina
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
183710748
City
Charleston
State
SC
Country
United States
Zip Code
29425
Shah, Navjot; Singh, Inderjit (2017) MicroRNA Profiling Identifies miR-196a as Differentially Expressed in Childhood Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adult Adrenomyeloneuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 54:1392-1403
Nie, Xingju; Lowe, Danielle W; Rollins, Laura Grace et al. (2016) Sex-specific effects of N-acetylcysteine in neonatal rats treated with hypothermia after severe hypoxia-ischemia. Neurosci Res 108:24-33
Baarine, Mauhamad; Beeson, Craig; Singh, Avtar et al. (2015) ABCD1 deletion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is corrected by SAHA: implication for adrenoleukodystrophy. J Neurochem 133:380-96
Samuvel, Devadoss J; Saxena, Nishant; Dhindsa, Jasdeep S et al. (2015) AKP-11 - A Novel S1P1 Agonist with Favorable Safety Profile Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 10:e0141781
Baarine, Mauhamad; Khan, Mushfiquddin; Singh, Avtar et al. (2015) Functional Characterization of IPSC-Derived Brain Cells as a Model for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. PLoS One 10:e0143238
Khan, Mushfiquddin; Shunmugavel, Anandakumar; Dhammu, Tajinder S et al. (2015) Oral administration of cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone ameliorates cauda equina compression injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 12:94
Contreras, Miguel A; Alzate, Oscar; Singh, Avtar K et al. (2014) PPAR? activation induces N(?)-Lys-acetylation of rat liver peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 1. Lipids 49:119-31
Paintlia, Ajaib S; Paintlia, Manjeet K; Singh, Avtar K et al. (2013) Modulation of Rho-Rock signaling pathway protects oligodendrocytes against cytokine toxicity via PPAR-?-dependent mechanism. Glia 61:1500-1517
Paintlia, Ajaib S; Mohan, Sarumathi; Singh, Inderjit (2013) Combinatorial Effect of Metformin and Lovastatin Impedes T-cell Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Clin Cell Immunol 4:
Won, Je-Seong; Kim, Jinsu; Annamalai, Balasubramaniam et al. (2013) Protective role of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) against cognitive impairment in rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Alzheimers Dis 34:621-35

Showing the most recent 10 out of 179 publications