- Decision Making for Social Distancing Globalization, changing human behaviors and the emergence of new pathogens create an ongoing vulnerability to disease threats. In the early days of communicable disease outbreaks or pandemics, social distancing tools may be the only interventions available to public health officials to mitigate the spread of disease. State and local public health officials'use of social distancing tools in infection control varies widely, even when these measures may limit morbidity and mortality. Instituting social distancing requires legal authorities and financial resources, and may also be impacted by evidentiary standards, risk assessments, political will, and community and individual support. It is unclear exactly how these factors influence public health officials when making decisions to use social distancing tools or if any of these factors can be predicted. Yet, this knowledge is essential to understanding what actions are most likely to be instituted during a public health emergency and to target interventions to better prepare health departments to enact social distancing measures when necessary.
The specific aims of the proposed research are: 1. To conduct case studies of health department experiences with tuberculosis (TB) isolation. We will conduct in-depth interviews and literature analysis to construct a series of case studies associated with local and state decisions to isolate TB patients. This case study analysis will identify variation in legal authorities, political will, and evidentiary standards that will be essential to understanding how states and localities will respond during a pandemic or other public health emergency. 2. To assess the decision making process associated with social distancing. We will examine existing laws, country demographic characteristics and previous experience with both H1N1 and tuberculosis, and conduct a survey of local and state public health officials. We will then identify major challenges, inputs, and decision points that can then be targeted to facilitate informed risk assessments and actions. 3. To determine predictive factors associated with decision making for social distancing. We will use latent class analysis, cluster health departments into groups along similar key variables, and assess how these departments make social distancing decisions by looking at potential predictors. These findings will help target public health interventions more effectively.

Public Health Relevance

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors public health professionals take into account when deciding whether or not to use social distancing as a tool to control the spread of communicable diseases, and assessing if any of these factors can be predicted. By better understanding the decision making process and potential impediments to informed risk assessments and actions, this study will contribute towards understanding the tools that public health actors might need to use social distancing tools effectively to mitigate te consequences of disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
1R15AI105738-01A1
Application #
8625438
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-PSE-K (90))
Program Officer
Mason, Robin M
Project Start
2014-03-15
Project End
2017-02-28
Budget Start
2014-03-15
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$837,128
Indirect Cost
$239,712
Name
George Washington University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
043990498
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20052
Katz, Rebecca; Vaught, Andrea; Formentos, Adrienne et al. (2018) Raising the Yellow Flag: State Variation in Quarantine Laws. J Public Health Manag Pract 24:380-384
Katz, Rebecca; Vaught, Andrea (2016) Controlling Tuberculosis in the United States: Use of Isolation and Other Measures Throughout the Country. Disaster Med Public Health Prep :1-6