Our long-term goal is to advance cell-based treatments for severe temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The proposed work examines the mechanisms regulating synaptic integration of transplanted GABAergic interneurons transplanted into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult nervous system of mice with pilocarpine-induced TLE. GABAergic interneuron grafts made into the adult dentate gyrus suppress temporal lobe seizures in TLE mice. Our working hypothesis is that the mechanism for seizure suppression is formation of inhibitory synapses by the transplanted neurons onto granule cells (GCs) born into the epileptic brain environment. To test this hypothesis we will compare seizure suppression and inhibitory synapse formation by transplants of GABAergic precursors derived from three sources: 1) the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) of fetal mouse brain, 2) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and 3) mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (mIPS cells) in the following two Specific Aims:
Aim 1 : Identify the functionality and synaptic partners of fetal MGE-derived GABAergic interneurons transplanted into the dentate gyrus of TLE mice.
This aim tests the hypothesis that fetal GABAergic interneuron transplants suppress seizures due to formation of inhibitory synapses onto GCs born into the epileptic brain environment.
Aim 1. 1: Evaluate seizure suppression by EEG in TLE mice with transplants of fetal basal forebrain cells.
Aim 1. 2: Measure inhibitory post-synaptic currents in retrovirally-labeled populations of GCs by patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices from TLE mice with fetal interneuron transplants.
Aim 1. 3: Compare the extent of axon outgrowth and inhibitory synapse formation by the fetal GABAergic interneuron transplants onto retrovirally-labeled GCs in TLE mice.
Aim 2 : Identify the functionality and synaptic partners of mouse pluripotent stem cell (mPSC)-derived GABAergic interneurons transplanted into the dentate gyrus of TLE mice.
This aim tests the hypothesis that mPSC-derived GABAergic precursor transplants will suppress seizures due to formation of inhibitory synapses onto GCs born into the epileptic brain environment.
Aim 2. 1: Derive MGE-like basal forebrain cells in vitro from mESCs with an Nkx2.1 BAC reporter construct.
Aim 2. 2: Derive MGE-like basal forebrain cells in vitro from miPS cells with an Nkx2.1 BAC reporter construct.
Aim 2. 3: Evaluate seizure suppression by EEG in mice with transplants of mPSC-derived MGE-like basal forebrain cells.
Aim 2. 4: Measure inhibitory post-synaptic currents in retrovirally-labeled populations of GCs by patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices from mice with transplants of mPSC-derived MGE-like basal forebrain cells.

Public Health Relevance

Intractable seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are a significant medical problem for millions of Americans. Drug-resistant TLE may result from post-traumatic brain injury or prolonged febrile seizures, and is often associated with neural circuit damage and neuroplastic changes resulting in hyperexcitability and cognitive, psychological, and social impairments. A key question is whether stem cell therapy can achieve good seizure control, repair the damaged circuitry and reverse cognitive impairments. To begin to address this question, we require a mechanistic understanding of how transplanted cells integrate into diseased neural circuits and form connections with the host brain. Our proposed research addresses this gap by focusing on transplantation of inhibitory cells that have the ability to suppress seizures.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
1R15NS072879-01A1
Application #
8497271
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MDCN-A (96))
Program Officer
Fureman, Brandy E
Project Start
2013-04-01
Project End
2015-03-31
Budget Start
2013-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$484,788
Indirect Cost
$178,038
Name
Wesleyan University
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
145683954
City
Middletown
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06459
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Henderson, Katharine W; Gupta, Jyoti; Tagliatela, Stephanie et al. (2014) Long-term seizure suppression and optogenetic analyses of synaptic connectivity in epileptic mice with hippocampal grafts of GABAergic interneurons. J Neurosci 34:13492-504
Germain, Noélle D; Banda, Erin C; Becker, Sandy et al. (2013) Derivation and isolation of NKX2.1-positive basal forebrain progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 22:1477-89
Germain, Noélle D; Hartman, Nathaniel W; Cai, Chunyu et al. (2012) Teratocarcinoma formation in embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor hippocampal transplants. Cell Transplant 21:1603-11