Basic information concerning the mechanisms responsible for hypoxic cell death is lacking. The overall goal of the proposed project is to define the cellular mechanisms which are responsible for the onset of irreversible injury and cell death using isolated rat hepatocytes as a model system. Cell viability, cytosolic free calcium and pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, lysosomal distribution and integrity, cytoskeletal status, plasma membrane distribution and integrity, and cell surface morphology will be evaluated in single individual hepatocytes during hypoxia by quantitative digitized video microscopy (DVM). DVM will allow the direct observation of the dynamics of organelles and molecules in living cells, providing new information about the roles of these components in cellular function. The onset of irreversible cell injury and cell death and the progression or recovery from injury during reoxygenation will be determined with respect to these cellular functions. Since increased cytosolic free calcium, cell swelling, decreased energy supply, proteolysis and reactive oxygen species have all been hypothesized to play a role in cell death during hypoxia or following reoxygenation, pharmacologic stabilization regimes utilizing calcium antagonists, anaerobic substrates, osmotic agents, protease inhibitors, and scavengers of free oxygen radicals will be assessed with regard to their ability to delay or prevent the onset of irreversible injury and cell death. The role of the cytoskeleton in hypoxic injury will be examined using agents which modulate cytoskeletal structure and function. Additionally, cytoskeletal structure during hypoxia will be visualized using immunocytochemistry in combination with light and electron microscopy. Parallel experiments with suspensions of hepatocytes will also be carried out using conventional biochemical techniques. This project will provide fundamental, new information regarding mechanisms responsible for the onset of hypoxic cell death. This information will be important for the development of treatment modalities effective in the preservation of cells and tissue during hypoxic episodes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
4R37AG007218-13
Application #
2743512
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Sierra, Felipe
Project Start
1999-07-01
Project End
2004-06-30
Budget Start
1999-07-01
Budget End
2000-06-30
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800772162
City
San Antonio
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78229
Lopez-Cruzan, M; Sharma, R; Tiwari, M et al. (2016) Caspase-2 resides in the mitochondria and mediates apoptosis directly from the mitochondrial compartment. Cell Death Discov 2:
Talley Watts, Lora; Zheng, Wei; Garling, R Justin et al. (2015) Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke. J Vis Exp :e52794
Tiwari, Meenakshi; Sharma, Lokendra K; Vanegas, Difernando et al. (2014) A nonapoptotic role for CASP2/caspase 2: modulation of autophagy. Autophagy 10:1054-70
Sharma, Ramaswamy; Callaway, Danielle; Vanegas, Difernando et al. (2014) Caspase-2 maintains bone homeostasis by inducing apoptosis of oxidatively-damaged osteoclasts. PLoS One 9:e93696
Lopez-Cruzan, Marisa; Herman, Brian (2013) Loss of caspase-2 accelerates age-dependent alterations in mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. Biogerontology 14:121-30
Tiwari, Meenakshi; Herman, Brian; Morgan, William W (2011) A knockout of the caspase 2 gene produces increased resistance of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway to MPTP-induced toxicity. Exp Neurol 229:421-8
Tiwari, Meenakshi; Lopez-Cruzan, Marisa; Morgan, William W et al. (2011) Loss of caspase-2-dependent apoptosis induces autophagy after mitochondrial oxidative stress in primary cultures of young adult cortical neurons. J Biol Chem 286:8493-506
Guo, Jiayan; Walss-Bass, Consuelo; LudueƱa, Richard F (2010) The beta isotypes of tubulin in neuronal differentiation. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 67:431-41
Monroy, A; Kamath, S; Chavez, A O et al. (2009) Impaired regulation of the TNF-alpha converting enzyme/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 proteolytic system in skeletal muscle of obese type 2 diabetic patients: a new mechanism of insulin resistance in humans. Diabetologia 52:2169-81
Zhang, Yingpei; Padalecki, Susan S; Chaudhuri, Asish R et al. (2007) Caspase-2 deficiency enhances aging-related traits in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 128:213-21

Showing the most recent 10 out of 89 publications