The proposed five series of studies have the long-term aim of characterizing age-related differences and similarities in the implicit learning of structural regularities in the environment. By using an alternating serial (visual- spatial) motor response task, where pattern trials alternate with random trials, the investigators will test the hypotheses that when comparing performance of young (18-25 years) and old (65 years and older) the following will occur: (1) age-related deficits will appear in implicit sequence learning, including decreases in the rate and magnitude of learning, in the level of structure that is learned, in the extent to which this knowledge can be used in the absence of stimuli, and in the extent to which it is verbalizable (declarative knowledge); (2) the Alternating Serial Response Time Task will result in unintentional learning, at least partially outside of awareness; (3) the age-related deficits in implicit serial pattern learning will be due in part to age- related decreases in processing deficits, such as slowing and the number of items that can be held simultaneously in working memory and that these age deficits can be simulated in a connectionist modeling network by manipulating the number of events used as input.
| Gamble, Katherine R; Howard Jr, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2014) Not just scenery: viewing nature pictures improves executive attention in older adults. Exp Aging Res 40:513-30 |
| Gamble, Katherine R; Howard Jr, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2014) Does a simultaneous memory load affect older and younger adults' implicit associative learning? Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 21:52-67 |
| Howard Jr, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2013) Aging mind and brain: is implicit learning spared in healthy aging? Front Psychol 4:817 |
| Simon, Jessica R; Vaidya, Chandan J; Howard, James H et al. (2012) The effects of aging on the neural basis of implicit associative learning in a probabilistic triplets learning task. J Cogn Neurosci 24:451-63 |
| Simon, Jessica R; Stollstorff, Melanie; Westbay, Lauren C et al. (2011) Dopamine transporter genotype predicts implicit sequence learning. Behav Brain Res 216:452-7 |
| Bennett, Ilana J; Madden, David J; Vaidya, Chandan J et al. (2011) White matter integrity correlates of implicit sequence learning in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 32:2317.e1-12 |
| Simon, Jessica R; Howard Jr, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2011) Age differences in implicit learning of probabilistic unstructured sequences. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 66:32-8 |
| Simon, Jessica R; Howard, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2010) Adult age differences in learning from positive and negative probabilistic feedback. Neuropsychology 24:534-41 |
| Bennett, Ilana J; Madden, David J; Vaidya, Chandan J et al. (2010) Age-related differences in multiple measures of white matter integrity: A diffusion tensor imaging study of healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 31:378-90 |
| Romano, Jennifer C; Howard Jr, James H; Howard, Darlene V (2010) One-year retention of general and sequence-specific skills in a probabilistic, serial reaction time task. Memory 18:427-41 |
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