The basic cell biology of transport of lipids and proteins in cells will be studied using quantitative fluorescence microscopy coupled with biochemical and ultrastructural tools. The proposed studies build directly on previous work establishing the basic methods to be used. The proposed work Is divided in two main themes relating to membrane protein transport (Aims l-lll) and cholesterol and lipid transport (Aims IV and V). These two themes interact synergistically because proteins are responsible for lipid transport, and membrane lipids strongly Influence the transport and distribution of membrane proteins.
In Aim I the role of specific proteins will be studied using rapid and selective protein inactivation by chemical crosslinking or other methods. The effect bf inactivating target proteins (e.g, clathrin, GGAs, or Rab proteins) will be studied by following the transport of specific marker proteins (e.g., labeled Tac-Furin, Tac-TGN38, CI-MPR) within minutes after inactivation.
In Aim II the role of Clc-7 and Ostml In regulating lysosomal pH will be studied. Delivery of these proteins to late endosomes and lysosomes is essential for proper acidification of these organelles In microglial cells. The role of these proteins in organelle acidification in other cell types, Including dendritic cells, will be examined. The transcriptional regulation of Clc-7 and Ostml In microglia and other cell types will also be examined.
In Aim III the ability of macrophages and other cell types to create functional extracellular lysosomes will be examined. These lysosomal synapses play an important role In degradation of extracellular digestion of lipoprotein deposits, and their role in other types of extracellular degradation will be examined.
In Aim I V intracellular sterol transport and distribution will be characterized using fluorescent sterols and biochemical analyses. Although proteins such as ABCA1 and ABCG4 are essential for export of cholesterol to HDLs, the precise role of these proteins remains unclear. The effect of expression of these proteins on the transbilayer distribution of sterol at the plasma membrane will be determined using previously developed fluorescence quenching assays. Similarly, the effect of NPC1 and NPC2 on the transbilayer distribution of sterol in late endosomes will be examined. The mechanisms and function of high levels of nonvesicular sterol transport within cells will also be'examined.
In Aim V the Interplay between sterols and membrane traffic will be explored. In particular, the function of tubules that emanate from late endosomes In response to transient sterol loading will be studied.

Public Health Relevance

We are studying the basic mechanisms by which proteins and lipids move within cells. Findings from these studies are directly related to diseases associated with disorders in lipid and cholesterol transport, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and lysosomal storage disorders. Our studies of protein degradation may also be related to diseases associated with abnormal protein deposits, including Alzheimer's disease and other amyloid-associated diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37DK027083-36
Application #
8617264
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Haft, Carol R
Project Start
1980-04-01
Project End
2015-02-28
Budget Start
2014-03-01
Budget End
2015-02-28
Support Year
36
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$641,892
Indirect Cost
$258,597
Name
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
060217502
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
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Pipalia, Nina H; Subramanian, Kanagaraj; Mao, Shu et al. (2017) Histone deacetylase inhibitors correct the cholesterol storage defect in most Niemann-Pick C1 mutant cells. J Lipid Res 58:695-708
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Iaea, David B; Mao, Shu; Lund, Frederik W et al. (2017) Role of STARD4 in sterol transport between the endocytic recycling compartment and the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 28:1111-1122
Solé-Domènech, Santiago; Cruz, Dana L; Capetillo-Zarate, Estibaliz et al. (2016) The endocytic pathway in microglia during health, aging and Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 32:89-103
Haka, Abigail S; Barbosa-Lorenzi, Valéria C; Lee, Hyuek Jong et al. (2016) Exocytosis of macrophage lysosomes leads to digestion of apoptotic adipocytes and foam cell formation. J Lipid Res 57:980-92
Singh, Rajesh K; Barbosa-Lorenzi, Valéria C; Lund, Frederik W et al. (2016) Degradation of aggregated LDL occurs in complex extracellular sub-compartments of the lysosomal synapse. J Cell Sci 129:1072-82
Iaea, David B; Maxfield, Frederick R (2015) Cholesterol trafficking and distribution. Essays Biochem 57:43-55

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