The overall aim of the work proposed here is to understand how central visual pathways analyze information about the chromatic and spatial properties of objects. Three major projects are proposed. Through a combination of physiological and psychophysical experiments these attempt to elucidate the connection between a particular aspect of vision and its underlying physiology. The first project will explore the possibility that the chromatic opponency in receptive fields of P-cells of macaque LGN arises not through selection of cone classes, but through the center receiving input from a single cone, with the surround drawing indiscriminately on inputs from L and M cones. The physiological measurements will use interference fringes of appropriate color to analyze the organization of cone inputs in the receptive fields of P-cells at various eccentricities. Psychophysical experiments to estimate the density with which chromatically opponent mechanisms sample the image will explore the corollary that a paucity of midget P-cells in the periphery accounts for our impaired color vision. The second project will use silent-substitution methods to examine how gain-controlling mechanisms in individual cone pathways act together with noise to control chromatic sensitivity in P-cells. Work undertaken during the previous period of support revealed paradoxical changes in the gain of P-cell responses following changes in background chromaticity, and showed that changes in noise interact with these in regulating detectability of stimuli. Because changes in background chromaticity also led to long- lasting changes in maintained discharge of P-cells, the project will also examine how these changes are expressed by cortical neurons. The third project will explore the idea that the behavior of neurons in the early stages of visual cortex accounts for the perceptual distinctiveness of visual textures. The experiments will examine how neurons (particularly complex cells) in V1 and V2 respond to visual textures of types employed in psychophysical studies. Work undertaken during the previous period of support suggested that a fuller understanding of the roles of cortical cells will require the use of visual stimuli that tap the nonlinear aspects of their behavior. The study of texture discrimination should get directly at this because perceptual discrimination of textures appears to require nonlinear mechanisms with properties like those found in complex cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
4R37EY004440-16
Application #
2331622
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Project Start
1982-07-01
Project End
2002-06-30
Budget Start
1997-07-01
Budget End
1998-06-30
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
1997
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
208469486
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Goris, Robbe L T; Ziemba, Corey M; Movshon, J Anthony et al. (2018) Slow gain fluctuations limit benefits of temporal integration in visual cortex. J Vis 18:8
Goris, Robbe L T; Ziemba, Corey M; Stine, Gabriel M et al. (2017) Dissociation of Choice Formation and Choice-Correlated Activity in Macaque Visual Cortex. J Neurosci 37:5195-5203
Kumbhani, Romesh D; El-Shamayleh, Yasmine; Movshon, J Anthony (2015) Temporal and spatial limits of pattern motion sensitivity in macaque MT neurons. J Neurophysiol 113:1977-88
Goris, Robbe L T; Simoncelli, Eero P; Movshon, J Anthony (2015) Origin and Function of Tuning Diversity in Macaque Visual Cortex. Neuron 88:819-31
Vintch, Brett; Movshon, J Anthony; Simoncelli, Eero P (2015) A Convolutional Subunit Model for Neuronal Responses in Macaque V1. J Neurosci 35:14829-41
Hallum, Luke E; Movshon, J Anthony (2014) Surround suppression supports second-order feature encoding by macaque V1 and V2 neurons. Vision Res 104:24-35
Goris, Robbe L T; Movshon, J Anthony; Simoncelli, Eero P (2014) Partitioning neuronal variability. Nat Neurosci 17:858-65
Freeman, Jeremy; Ziemba, Corey M; Heeger, David J et al. (2013) A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates. Nat Neurosci 16:974-81
El-Shamayleh, Yasmine; Kumbhani, Romesh D; Dhruv, Neel T et al. (2013) Visual response properties of V1 neurons projecting to V2 in macaque. J Neurosci 33:16594-605
Vintch, Brett; Zaharia, Andrew D; Movshon, J Anthony et al. (2012) Efficient and direct estimation of a neural subunit model for sensory coding. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 25:3113-3121

Showing the most recent 10 out of 57 publications